渐开线圆柱小齿轮的修形设计及动力学仿真分析

发布时间：2018-06-16 05:20

本文选题：齿廓修形 + 圆弧蜕变曲线　；参考：《太原理工大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：渐开线圆柱齿轮由于其传动比恒定不变、传动平稳而被广泛应用在机械传动中,然而在齿轮副啮合时,因受载变形、热变形和制造安装误差等因素影响,不可避免地会出现载荷突变、速度波动、啮入、啮出冲击。大量的理论和实践已表明：对渐开线直齿轮的齿廓修形能明显地减小齿轮在啮合过程中发生齿面胶合和冲击现象,减小振动和降低噪音,更好地适应齿轮传动技术向高承载、高速度、低噪音的方向发展的潮流。然而在以往对渐开线齿轮进行修形过程中,大多数学者采用的是“修顶挖根”的修形技术,即只对渐开线的一部分做出修整,修形时同时要确定出修形的起点、终点、修形量以及修形曲线等,可以看出,需要控制的因素比较多,这样就给实际加工带来麻烦,难于达到精度要求。且修形齿轮啮合时容易在修形的起点、终点位置处产生新的冲击。针对齿轮传统修形在加工方面存在的不足,本文在研究大量曲线的特性后发现,圆弧蜕变曲线与齿轮的渐开线有一定的相似性,更重要的是圆弧蜕变曲线具有易加工的特点,而且国内外还没有人尝试用此种曲线对齿轮进行修形设计。鉴于此,本文尝试用圆弧蜕变曲线逼近渐开线来对齿轮进行磨削修形,力求探索出一种更适合工程实际的齿轮修形方法。本论文的主要内容如下： 1.利用ANSYS的APDL编程语言,完成了标准齿轮的有限元模型的建立、加载和求解等。整个过程通过APDL语言自动生成。可以方便对模型和载荷工况进行修改。这不仅仅提高了分析求解的效率,而且也使得整个分析过程都在ANSYS软件中进行,避免了三方软件的介入。 2.利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA显式动力学软件对标准渐开线直齿轮进行动力学仿真。分析出了标准齿轮在整个啮合过程中的接触应力的变化和分布情况；指出了齿轮接触应力沿齿廓方向的分布规律；依据不同转速下齿轮接触应力的变化规律,指出对高速齿轮进行齿廓修形的必要性；最后对齿轮传动中主、被动轮的速度波动规律进行了探讨研究。结果表明：利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA可以最大程度地实时模拟出齿轮动态啮合过程,反映出齿轮的动态啮合特性,结果更为准确可靠。 3.详细介绍了用圆弧蜕变曲线对齿轮进行齿廓修形的整个过程。并对修形后的齿轮进行动力学仿真分析,通过对比修形齿轮和标准齿轮的接触应力分布情况以及主、被动齿轮的速度波动规律,得出了利用圆弧蜕变曲线对齿轮进行齿廓修形可以改善齿轮传动性能的结论。 4.为了得到修形后齿轮副的振型规律,分别用耦合节点法和接触对法对修形齿轮副进行了模态分析。提取并分析了齿轮副的前18阶固有频率及振型。最后分析了齿宽对齿轮的固有频率的影响。
[Abstract]:Involute cylindrical gear is widely used in mechanical transmission because of its constant transmission ratio and stable transmission. However, when gear pair meshes, it is affected by load deformation, thermal deformation and manufacturing installation error, etc. There will inevitably be sudden changes in load, fluctuation in speed, entry and impact. A large number of theories and practices have shown that the tooth profile modification of involute spur gears can obviously reduce the phenomenon of gear surface gluing and impact, reduce vibration and noise, and better adapt to the higher load of gear transmission technology. High speed, low noise trend in the direction of development. However, in the past, in the process of modifying involute gears, most scholars used the "topping and digging root" modification technique, that is, only a part of the involute was trimmed, and the starting point and the end point of the modification should be determined. It can be seen that there are many factors that need to be controlled so that it will bring trouble to the actual processing and make it difficult to meet the precision requirements. And the modified gear meshing easily in the shape of the starting point, the end point of a new impact. In view of the shortcomings of the traditional gear profile modification in machining, after studying the characteristics of a large number of curves, it is found that the arc degenerative curve is similar to the involute of the gear, and more importantly, the arc degenerate curve has the characteristics of easy machining. And no one at home and abroad has tried to use this curve to modify the shape of the gear design. In view of this, this paper attempts to use arc degenerate curve to approximate involute to grinding gear profile, and try to find a more suitable method for gear modification. The main contents of this thesis are as follows: 1. The finite element model of standard gear is established, loaded and solved by using APDL programming language of ANSYS. The whole process is generated automatically by APDL language. It is convenient to modify the model and load condition. This not only improves the efficiency of analysis and solution, but also makes the whole analysis process in ANSYS software, avoiding the intervention of three software. 2. 2. The dynamic simulation of standard involute spur gear is carried out by ANSYS- LS-DYNA explicit dynamics software. The change and distribution of contact stress in the whole meshing process of standard gear are analyzed, and the distribution of contact stress along tooth profile is pointed out. The necessity of tooth profile modification for high speed gear is pointed out, and the law of velocity fluctuation of active and passive gears in gear transmission is discussed. The results show that the dynamic meshing process of gears can be simulated by ANSYS- LS-DYNA in real time, which reflects the dynamic meshing characteristics of gears, and the results are more accurate and reliable. This paper introduces the whole process of gear profile modification with arc degenerate curve in detail. The dynamic simulation analysis of the modified gear is carried out. By comparing the distribution of contact stress between the modified gear and the standard gear and the velocity fluctuation law of the active and passive gears, It is concluded that the gear profile modification with arc degenerate curve can improve the transmission performance of gear. 4. In order to obtain the vibration pattern of the modified gear pair, the modal analysis of the modified gear pair is carried out by the coupling node method and the contact method respectively. The first 18 natural frequencies and modes of gear pairs are extracted and analyzed. Finally, the influence of tooth width on the natural frequency of gear is analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：TH132.41

【引证文献】