机床加工过程振动特性及对加工表面质量影响的研究

发布时间：2018-06-24 00:48

本文选题：数控机床 + 加工过程　；参考：《华中科技大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：机床加工过程中的的振动作为长期影响着机床使用寿命和生产性能的一个重要因素是很多国内外学者的研究内容，随着自动化技术的发展，越来越急需针对机床加工过程中的振动建立一套完整的振动分析系统。由于机床在加工过程中存在的振动种类繁多，且不同类型的振动对加工过程的影响差异较大，对振动的处理方式也不同，通过振动分析确定影响机床使用的振动种类和来源对于优化机床性能和提高机床的使用稳定性是十分有意义的。本论文以数控机床加工过程振动的分析系统为中心，围绕其展开了一系列研究。以对影响加工表面质量的加工过程中存在的振动进行分析为最终目的，本文首先对现有的振动标准进行了分析，通过分析的结果选取了均方根值（RMS）作为振动判断的特征值，并针对机床振动标准的特点将机床的振动状态划分为了“最优”、“可用”、“注意”、“警告”四种状态。在分析了典型加工过程中理论表面粗糙度形成的过程之后，通过在车床和铣床上的实验给出了加工表面粗糙度和加工过程振动的一定关系。在对现有的机床加工过程振动的种类和对应的振动特征进行分析之后，，按照振动分析的要求进行了分析流程的设计。最后，建立了在车床上进行振动分析流程验证的实验平台，对振动测试的敏感点和敏感方向进行了实验研究，并利用实验结果和模拟的振动故的对比障验证了分析流程的可行性。并建立了一个基于MATLB GUI对振动数据进行离线分析的图形界面。通过上面的工作，本文为建立完整的加工过程振动分析系统提供了初步的理论基础，同时本文通过对加工过程中振动对加工表面粗糙度影响的实验研究给出了建立加工过程中振动量级的新思路。
[Abstract]:As an important factor that affects the service life and production performance of machine tools in a long time, the vibration in machining process is the research content of many scholars at home and abroad. With the development of automation technology, It is more and more urgent to establish a complete vibration analysis system for the vibration of machine tools. Because there are many kinds of vibration in the machining process of machine tools, and the influence of different types of vibration on the machining process is quite different, the treatment of vibration is also different. It is of great significance to determine the types and sources of vibration that affect the use of machine tools through vibration analysis to optimize the performance of machine tools and to improve the stability of machine tools. This thesis centers on the vibration analysis system of NC machine tool and develops a series of researches around it. In order to analyze the vibration existing in the machining process which affects the quality of the machined surface, this paper first analyzes the existing vibration standards, and selects the root mean square value (RMS) as the eigenvalue of vibration judgment through the result of the analysis. According to the characteristics of machine tool vibration standard, the vibration state of machine tool is divided into four states: "optimum", "available", "attention" and "warning". After analyzing the formation process of theoretical surface roughness in typical machining process, the relationship between machining surface roughness and machining process vibration is given through experiments on lathe and milling machine. After analyzing the types and corresponding vibration characteristics of the existing machine tool process vibration, the design of the analysis flow is carried out according to the requirements of the vibration analysis. Finally, an experimental platform for verifying the flow of vibration analysis on a lathe is established, and the sensitive points and directions of vibration testing are studied experimentally. The feasibility of the analysis process is verified by comparing the experimental results with the simulated vibration barriers. A graphical interface for off-line analysis of vibration data based on MATLAB GUI is established. Through the above work, this paper provides a preliminary theoretical basis for the establishment of a complete vibration analysis system for machining process. At the same time, through the experimental research on the effect of vibration on the roughness of machined surface during machining, a new way to establish the vibration magnitude in machining process is given in this paper.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TG659

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