轴承球直径非接触精密测量装置误差分析及改进

发布时间：2018-06-24 07:01

本文选题：轴承球直径测量 + 误差分析　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着现代机械的高精尖进程,机械零件的精度要求也愈加苛刻,轴承作为机械的关键零件,也受到了各国科研人员的重视。控制球轴承中轴承球球径的一致性对保证轴承的性能至关重要。普通人工测径效率低下,为提高轴承球直径测量精度及分组效率,本文研制了可对轴承球直径自动精密测量并分组的仪器。本文完成的研究内容为:在现有样机基础上,提出新的测量定位方案并设计出相关的机械结构;对比出四种球定位方式的定位稳定性,采用CCD激光位移传感器,对轴承球进行被测球与标准球球径差自动测量;利用二次开发的数据读取及运动控制软件,对被测球按精度分组;同时,对测量部件进行误差分析,分析系统误差成因及数值大小,计算测量定位各部件引起的测量不定度;对系统误差进行误差补偿,最终,校核总误差。通过以上的研究工作,提高了样机的测量效率和重复测量精度: 测量效率方面,将测量方案由静态测量改为动态测量,有效的提高了测量效率、减少了分组时间。测量速度从原有的0.5球/min提高到1球/min。重复测量精度方面,高精度V型块及高精度三维位移平台的应用保证了定位精度,动态测量方式提高了测值的稳定性。重复测量精度从2μm提高到了0.8μm。本文在上料及分组部件两部分均设计了可替换零部件,适用5mm-20mm范围的轴承球的测量要求。同时,采取了一定的减振吸振措施,有效的降低了机械振动对测量精度的影响。通过对联机后的整机进行调试和实验,测量精度及测量速度均达到了设计要求。
[Abstract]:With the advanced process of modern machinery, the precision requirements of mechanical parts become more and more stringent. Bearing, as the key part of machinery, has also been paid attention to by researchers all over the world. It is very important to control the consistency of ball diameter in ball bearing. In order to improve the measuring accuracy and grouping efficiency of bearing ball diameter, an instrument is developed for automatic precision measurement and grouping of bearing ball diameter. The contents of this paper are as follows: on the basis of the existing prototype, a new measuring and positioning scheme is put forward and the relative mechanical structure is designed, and the stability of the four spherical positioning methods is compared, and the CCD laser displacement sensor is used. The diameter difference between the measured ball and the standard ball is measured automatically, and the measured ball is grouped according to the precision by using the data reading and motion control software developed by the secondary development. At the same time, the error analysis of the measuring parts is carried out. The causes and numerical value of the system error are analyzed, the uncertainty caused by the measuring and positioning components is calculated, and the system error is compensated, finally, the total error is checked. Through the above research work, the measurement efficiency and repeated measurement accuracy of the prototype are improved. In the aspect of measurement efficiency, the measurement scheme is changed from static to dynamic measurement, which effectively improves the measuring efficiency and reduces the grouping time. The measuring speed increased from 0.5 ball / min to 1 / min. In the aspect of repeated measurement precision, the application of high-precision V-shaped block and high-precision three-dimensional displacement platform ensures the positioning accuracy, and the dynamic measurement method improves the stability of the measured value. The precision of repeated measurement is improved from 2 渭 m to 0.8 渭 m. In this paper, replaceable parts are designed in both feeding and grouping parts, which are suitable for the measurement of bearing ball in 5mm-20mm range. At the same time, some measures are taken to reduce the influence of mechanical vibration on measurement accuracy. Through the debugging and experiment of the whole machine, the measuring precision and the measuring speed are up to the design requirements.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：TH133.3;TG806

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