履带式起重机整车结构分析及转台优化

发布时间：2018-06-24 13:48

本文选题：履带起重机 + 主臂　；参考：《吉林大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：现代经济的快速发展推动了一系列的工程建设,特别是国家在石化、风电及核电的建设为履带起重机提供了充分的发展条件。履带起重机是现代化建设中必备的工程机械,由于作业环境的多样性、带载行驶、爬坡等特殊的工作状态为履带起重机的设计提出更高的要求。履带起重机的设计水平直接影响到吊重量和工作的安全性,产品的设计必须用力学分析来校核,根据力学分析的结果对其设计提出合理的改进和要求,为其提供可靠的计算依据。这样,力学分析在起重机的设计过程中的重要性也就越来越大,准确的计算数据和结果是设计出高效和安全的起重机的必要条件。本文就是通过对履带起重机的计算,为臂架和下车进行了详细的力学受力分析,并通过计算结果对结构提出修改和意见,通过ANSYS的优化功能,最终得到转台结构最优设计方案,既满足了结构的刚度和强度要求,又减少了材料,降低了生产成本,实现了高效、安全的履带起重机设计方案。针对履带起重机的结构组成,将履带起重机分为上车(主要为臂架)和下车(包括履带梁、转台、车架和四轮一带),本文主要根据履带起重机的不同的组成部分分别进行了不同的力学分析,具体的工作内容和研究成果如下： 1)主臂的解析法和有限元计算。首先利用解析法,根据公司设计人员最初提供的数据对主臂危险工况进行校核,由于主臂最大吊重工况时,主臂的轴力最大,主弦杆最危险,所以将主臂最大吊重工况定典型工况。在该工况下,计算主臂弦杆的应力,根据计算结果初步设定臂架的大部分尺寸,反馈给公司技术人员。其次,建立主臂的三维模型,利用网格划分工具,建立主臂的有限元模型,在ANSYS中组装并进行静力计算,并与解析法计算结果进行对比,确定计算结果的准确性,为设计提供可靠的计算依据。对最长主臂进行稳定性分析,首先根据材料力学计算细长杆临界力公式,得出解析法计算结果,其次基于ANSYS特征值屈曲计算方法,计算屈曲载荷,与解析法计算结果进行对比,并分析计算结果。 2)下车的有限元计算。对于转台结构进行静力计算,选取典型工况,对其进行约束加载,分析计算结果并提出转台有很大的优化空间,制定初步优化方案,为下面转台优化作出铺垫。对于履带梁和车架进行组装计算,利用ANSYS的接触单元来模拟实际的受力状况。利用ANSYS接触单元来模拟实际的连接方式,给出计算结果的详细分析,保证了设计有据可寻,明确了下车的受力状况。 3)转台的优化计算。根据对转台静力计算结果的分析,经过与公司技术人员协商,对转台整体外形轮廓板厚度进行优化。将这些板的厚度设为设计变量,基于ANSYS中的优化模块,对履带起重机转台结构进行优化,在保证足够的刚度和强度的前提下,精减材料,降低产品重量,节约生产成本。优化的思想为计算结果提升了高度,最优设计日渐成为设计的最终目标。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of modern economy has promoted a series of engineering construction, especially in the country in petrochemical, wind power and nuclear power construction for crawler crane to provide sufficient conditions for development. Crawler crane is the necessary engineering machinery in the modernization construction, because of the diversity of operating environment, carrying, climbing, and other special working conditions for the performance of the track The design of the crane has a higher requirement. The design level of the crawler crane directly affects the lifting weight and the safety of the work. The design of the product must be checked with mechanical analysis. The reasonable improvement and requirements for its design are put forward according to the results of mechanical analysis, and a reliable calculation basis is provided for it. In this way, the mechanical analysis is weighed. The importance of the design of the machine is becoming more and more important. Accurate calculation of data and results is a necessary condition for the design of a high efficient and safe crane. In this paper, through the calculation of the crawler crane, a detailed mechanical stress analysis is carried out for the arm and the train, and the structure is modified and suggested through the calculation and through the ANS. In the end, the optimal design of YS has been obtained, which not only satisfies the requirements of the stiffness and strength of the structure, but also reduces the material, reduces the production cost, and realizes a high efficient and safe design of the crawler crane.
According to the structure of the crawler crane, the crawler crane is divided into the truck (mainly for the arm frame) and the car (including the track beam, the turntable, the frame and the four wheel). In this paper, the different mechanical analysis is carried out according to the different parts of the crawler crane, and the work content and the research results are as follows:
1) the analytic method and the finite element calculation of the main arm. First, the analysis method is used to check the dangerous working conditions of the main arm based on the data provided by the company designers. The main arm's axis force is maximum and the main chord is most dangerous, so the typical working condition of the main arm is determined by the maximum lifting condition of the main arm. According to the calculation results, the majority of the dimensions of the arm frame are initially set and fed back to the technical personnel of the company. Secondly, the three-dimensional model of the main arm is set up, the finite element model of the main arm is established by the grid division tool, and the static calculation is carried out in the ANSYS, and the results are compared with the analytical calculation results to determine the accuracy of the calculation results. The design provides reliable basis for calculation. The stability analysis of the longest main arm is carried out. First, the formula of the critical force of the long rod is calculated according to the mechanics of material. The results of the analytical method are obtained. Secondly, the buckling load is calculated based on the ANSYS eigenvalue buckling calculation method, and the results are compared with the analytical results and the results are analyzed.
2) the finite element calculation of the train. Take the static calculation of the structure of the turntable, select the typical working conditions, carry on the constraint loading, analyze the calculation results and put forward the great optimization space for the turntable, make the preliminary optimization plan, make the paving for the optimization of the following turntable. The assembly calculation of the track beam and the frame, and the contact unit of the ANSYS The actual stress condition is simulated. ANSYS contact element is used to simulate the actual connection mode, and the detailed analysis of the calculation results is given. The design is ensured and the force condition of the car is clearly defined.
3) the optimization calculation of the turntable. According to the analysis of the static calculation results of the turntable, through consultation with the technical personnel of the company, the thickness of the overall outline plate of the turntable is optimized. The thickness of these plates is set as the design variable. Based on the optimization module in ANSYS, the structure of the crawler crane turntable is optimized, guaranteeing sufficient stiffness and strength. Under the premise, the material is reduced, the weight of the product is reduced and the production cost is saved. The thought of optimization has raised the height of the calculation result, and the optimal design is becoming the ultimate goal of the design.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：TH213.7

【参考文献】