大吨位汽车起重机起升机构液压系统的动态仿真分析及改进

发布时间：2018-06-26 12:07

本文选题：大吨位 + 起重机　；参考：《湖南大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：起重机是工程建设中不可或缺的工程机械之一，，在我国经济建设中发挥着举足轻重的作用。汽车起重机（属轮式起重机类）在起重机众多种类中更是具有特别突出位置，它以其机动性好，转移迅速等优点，在工程建设中得到了广泛的应用。现如今随着负载重量和体积的增大，因此给汽车起重机包括整机的操控性、起升作业安全稳定在内等各方面性能提出了更高的考验。起升液压系统是起升机构工作的动力和控制的重要手段。在起重机工作中，起升液压系统二次提升时的动态性能优劣更是直接影响着整机的起升效果。早期的起升机构研究局限于中小吨位，一种普遍为解决二次下滑而采用的“被动补油”思路已不能适应大吨位的起重机。为此，需要开发新的控制方案或改进原有的设计思路。工程应用当中存在有一种“主动补油”的设计思路，例如：内燃机车辅助燃油箱采用主动补油系统来保证机车可靠性和降低成本；变电站充油设备实行带电主动补油策略减少设备停运次数和停运时间，以此提高供电可靠性和简化充油设备的补油流程等应用。本文以某企业一款现有的产品为研究对象，在其“被动补油”的液压起升原理基础之上，借助液压控制系统理论研究，提出“主动补油”策略对现有的液压系统进行了技术改进，针对起升过程中负载出现二次下滑的问题，设计研究了合理的液压控制策略。本文主要工作内容有以下几点： 1．本文将AMESim应用于大吨位汽车起重机起升机构液压控制系统仿真中，研究了液压系统的动态特性，对负载、起升机构和阀控液压马达比例伺服控制系统进行了数学建模； 2．利用AMESim仿真实验负载“静止—起升”与“静止—下降”两种关键动作状态，以此找出改进的目标和方向，并提出本文的改进方案。 3．为消除二次下滑现象提出了“主动补油”策略，设计出液压原理图并搭建了相应的仿真模型。 4．对比仿真分析经典、“被动补油”和“主动补油”三种液压起升原理的起升效果，结果表明，“主动补油”基本消除了大吨位起重机在起升过程当中的二次下滑现象。本文成功建立了大吨位起重机起升液压系统的仿真模型，并进行了仿真研究，其研究成果为大吨位起重机起升系统的改进、优化和设计提供了理论基础，同时将仿真技术引入起重机的液压系统设计中，具有一定的理论意义和实用价值。
[Abstract]:Crane is one of the indispensable construction machinery in engineering construction, which plays an important role in the economic construction of our country. Truck crane (belonging to wheeled crane) is especially prominent in many kinds of cranes. It has been widely used in engineering construction because of its good mobility and rapid transfer. Nowadays, with the increase of load weight and volume, the performance of truck crane, including the control of the whole machine and the safety and stability of lifting operation, is put forward a higher test. Lifting hydraulic system is an important means of power and control of hoisting mechanism. In the work of crane, the dynamic performance of hoisting hydraulic system directly affects the lifting effect of the whole machine. The early study of hoisting mechanism was limited to medium and small tonnage, a kind of "passive oil supplement" thought adopted in order to solve the secondary slide has been unable to adapt to the crane with large tonnage. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new control schemes or improve the original design ideas. In engineering application, there is a design idea of "active oil filling". For example, the auxiliary fuel tank of diesel locomotive adopts active oil filling system to ensure the reliability of locomotive and reduce the cost; In order to improve the reliability of power supply and simplify the oil filling process of oil filling equipment in substation, the active charging strategy is adopted to reduce the outage times and outage time of the equipment. This paper takes an existing product of a certain enterprise as the research object, on the basis of its hydraulic hoisting principle of "passive oil replenishment", with the aid of the theory of hydraulic control system, This paper puts forward the "active oil filling" strategy to improve the existing hydraulic system. Aiming at the problem of the secondary sliding of the load in the process of hoisting, a reasonable hydraulic control strategy is designed and studied. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. This paper applies AMESim to the simulation of hydraulic control system of hoisting mechanism of large-tonnage truck crane, and studies the dynamic characteristics of hydraulic system. Mathematical modeling of lifting mechanism and proportional servo control system of valve controlled hydraulic motor is carried out. 2. Using AMESim to simulate the two key action states of "static-hoisting" and "static-descent", In this way, the aim and direction of improvement are found out, and the improvement scheme of this paper is put forward. 3. In order to eliminate the phenomenon of secondary decline, the strategy of "active oil replenishment" is put forward. The hydraulic principle diagram is designed and the corresponding simulation model is built. 4. The lifting effect of three kinds of hydraulic lifting principles, namely "passive oil filling" and "active oil filling", is compared and analyzed. "active oil filling" basically eliminates the second slide in the lifting process of the large tonnage crane. In this paper, the simulation model of the lifting hydraulic system of the large tonnage crane is established successfully, and the simulation research is carried out. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the improvement, optimization and design of the hoisting system of the large tonnage crane. At the same time, it has certain theoretical significance and practical value to introduce the simulation technology into the hydraulic system design of crane.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH213.6

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