不对中转子系统的动力学机理及其振动特性研究
发布时间：2018-07-27 17:21
【摘要】：转子系统作为旋转机械的核心部件,经常发生不平衡、不对中、碰摩、油膜振荡、转轴裂纹、基座松动等故障,这些故障会导致严重的异常振动,引起灾难性的后果。其中,转子系统不对中故障发生的概率仅次于不平衡,是最常发生的第二大类故障。不对中转子系统会引起旋转机械振动过大,引发轴承负荷不均衡、轴承过度磨损、联轴器过早失效以及轴挠曲变形加剧等一系列问题。不对中转子系统的动力学机理问题目前还没得到有效解决,特别是涉及到滚动轴承不对中、套齿联轴器不对中的转子系统动力学机理问题。同时,转子系统的固有特性和振动响应会受到不对中因素的显著影响,需要开展深入的理论和试验研究。因此,不对中转子系统的动力学机理问题及其振动特性研究是目前理论和工程技术领域的重要课题之一。本文针对带有滚动轴承不对中的二支点转子系统、带有套齿联轴器不对中的三支点转子系统,开展不对中环节的动力学建模、转子系统的动力学建模、基于有限元的数值仿真计算、基于模型试验台的转子系统振动测试试验等基础理论研究工作,本文所完成的主要内容如下：(1)针对带有角接触球轴承支承的转子系统,考虑结构安装存在的轴承偏置因素,基于Hertz接触理论,引入了对中表征参量平移量和角度偏转量,分别建立了在正常状态下和不对中状态下的滚动轴承5自由度刚度解析模型,分析了不对中表征参量对滚动轴承刚度特性的影响规律。通过滚动轴承有限元计算和静止态滚动轴承刚度测试进行了对比验证。(2)提出了基于Lagrange能量法的带有滚动轴承不对中的两支点转子系统的动力学建模方法,模型中引入了考虑不对中因素的5自由度滚动轴承刚度模型。基于该解析模型分析了滚动轴承不对中的激振机理,获得了两支点转子系统滚动轴承不对中引起的附加激励力。进行该系统振动响应的仿真分析,获得了轴承不对中转子系统的固有频率和振动响应的变化规律。(3)提出了带有滚动轴承不对中的二支点不对中转子系统的有限元建模方法,进行转子系统振动响应仿真分析,获得了滚动轴承不对中对转子系统振动的时频响应和轴心轨迹,并通过试验进行了对比分析,角度不对中转子系统都表现出明显的轴向振动特征。(4)根据套齿联轴器的套齿啮合和轴向接触等典型结构特征,建立了考虑横向刚度、弯曲刚度和轴向刚度的套齿联轴器5自由度刚度模型。基于Lagrange能量法推导了带有套齿联轴器不对中的三支点转子系统的解析模型。基于该解析模型,分析了套齿联轴器不对中对转子系统的激振原理。进行该转子系统振动响应的仿真分析,两个转子的振动呈现不同的规律,不对中长轴表现出显著的二倍频成分和复杂的振动行为,特别是套齿联轴器不对中造成了转子系统强烈的轴向振动。(5)提出了带有套齿联轴器不对中的三支点转子系统的有限元建模方法。进行转子系统振动响应的数值仿真分析,结果表明,不对中长轴受不对中的影响更显著。所得结果与模型实验台测试结果进行了对比分析,具有相似的二倍频振动特征和轴向振动特征。本文针对转子系统的不对中问题,从解析分析、有限元仿真分析和试验验证三个层面,开展了滚动轴承不对中和联轴器不对中的动力学机理与振动特性的研究工作,获得了不对中转子系统的横向振动和轴向振动特征,所得结果对进行转子系统不对中的振动预估、评价和控制具有重要价值。
[Abstract]:As the core component of rotating machinery, the rotor system often occurs unbalance, misalignment, rub impact, oil film oscillation, shaft crack, base loosening and so on. These faults will lead to serious abnormal vibration and cause catastrophic consequences. Among them, the probability of failure of the rotor system is only second to the imbalance, which is the second most common occurrence. A series of problems such as excessive vibration of rotating machinery, imbalance of bearing load, excessive wear of bearing, premature failure of couplings and aggravation of deflection of shaft. The problem of dynamic mechanism of the middle rotor system has not been effectively solved at present, especially in the case of rolling bearing misalignment. At the same time, the inherent characteristics and vibration response of the rotor system will be affected by the misalignment factors. It is necessary to carry out in-depth theoretical and experimental research. Therefore, the study of the dynamic mechanism and the vibration characteristics of the middle rotor system is the current theoretical and engineering field. One of the important topics of this paper is the two fulcrum system with rolling bearing misalignment, with the three pivot rotor system in which the gear coupling is not in the middle, the dynamic modeling of the middle ring is carried out, the dynamic modeling of the rotor system, the numerical simulation based on the finite element method, the vibration test of the rotor system based on the model test rig. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) in view of the rotor system bearing the bearing of angular contact ball bearing, considering the bearing bias of the structure and installation, based on the Hertz contact theory, the translation quantity and angular deflection of the medium parameter are introduced, which are established in the normal state and the misalignment respectively. The 5 degree of freedom stiffness analysis model of rolling bearing in the state is used to analyze the influence of the misalignment parameters on the stiffness characteristics of the rolling bearing. A comparison is made between the finite element calculation of the rolling bearing and the stiffness test of the static rolling bearing. (2) a Lagrange based energy method is proposed for the rotation of the two fulcrum with the rolling bearing misalignment. The dynamic modeling method of the subsystem is introduced, and the 5 degree of freedom rolling bearing stiffness model is introduced into the model. Based on the analytical model, the excitation mechanism of the rolling bearing misalignment is analyzed, and the additional excitation force caused by the rolling bearing misalignment in the two fulcrum rotor system is obtained. The simulation analysis of the vibration response of the system is carried out. The change law of the natural frequency and vibration response of the bearing to the middle rotor system is obtained. (3) a finite element modeling method for the two pivot non middle rotor system with the rolling bearing misalignment is proposed, and the vibration response of the rotor system is simulated and analyzed, and the time frequency response and the axis of the rotor system vibration of the rolling bearing are obtained. The contrasting analysis shows that the angle of the rotor system has obvious axial vibration characteristics. (4) based on the typical structural features of the gear coupling and the axial contact, the 5 degree of freedom stiffness model of the sleeve gear coupling with lateral stiffness, bending stiffness and axial stiffness is established. Based on Lagrange The energy method derives the analytical model of the three pivot rotor system with the misalignment of the gear coupling. Based on the analytical model, the excitation principle of the rotor system is analyzed. The vibration response of the rotor system is simulated and analyzed. The vibration of the two rotors presents different rules and does not show a significant effect on the middle long axis. Two frequency doubling component and complex vibration behavior, especially the gear coupling does not cause the strong axial vibration of the rotor system. (5) a finite element modeling method for the three fulcrum system with the misalignment of the gear coupling is proposed. The numerical simulation of the vibration response of the rotor system is carried out. The results show that the middle long axis is not in the wrong way. The results are more significant. The results are compared with the test results of the model test bench, with similar two frequency doubling vibration characteristics and axial vibration characteristics. This paper, aiming at the wrong middle problem of the rotor system, has carried out the misalignment of the rolling bearing misalignment and the coupling from three aspects of the analytical analysis, the finite element simulation analysis and the test verification. In the study of dynamic mechanism and vibration characteristics, the lateral and axial vibration characteristics of the middle rotor system are obtained. The results are of great value to the evaluation and control of the vibration in the rotor system.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TH113
本文编号：2148581
[Abstract]:As the core component of rotating machinery, the rotor system often occurs unbalance, misalignment, rub impact, oil film oscillation, shaft crack, base loosening and so on. These faults will lead to serious abnormal vibration and cause catastrophic consequences. Among them, the probability of failure of the rotor system is only second to the imbalance, which is the second most common occurrence. A series of problems such as excessive vibration of rotating machinery, imbalance of bearing load, excessive wear of bearing, premature failure of couplings and aggravation of deflection of shaft. The problem of dynamic mechanism of the middle rotor system has not been effectively solved at present, especially in the case of rolling bearing misalignment. At the same time, the inherent characteristics and vibration response of the rotor system will be affected by the misalignment factors. It is necessary to carry out in-depth theoretical and experimental research. Therefore, the study of the dynamic mechanism and the vibration characteristics of the middle rotor system is the current theoretical and engineering field. One of the important topics of this paper is the two fulcrum system with rolling bearing misalignment, with the three pivot rotor system in which the gear coupling is not in the middle, the dynamic modeling of the middle ring is carried out, the dynamic modeling of the rotor system, the numerical simulation based on the finite element method, the vibration test of the rotor system based on the model test rig. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) in view of the rotor system bearing the bearing of angular contact ball bearing, considering the bearing bias of the structure and installation, based on the Hertz contact theory, the translation quantity and angular deflection of the medium parameter are introduced, which are established in the normal state and the misalignment respectively. The 5 degree of freedom stiffness analysis model of rolling bearing in the state is used to analyze the influence of the misalignment parameters on the stiffness characteristics of the rolling bearing. A comparison is made between the finite element calculation of the rolling bearing and the stiffness test of the static rolling bearing. (2) a Lagrange based energy method is proposed for the rotation of the two fulcrum with the rolling bearing misalignment. The dynamic modeling method of the subsystem is introduced, and the 5 degree of freedom rolling bearing stiffness model is introduced into the model. Based on the analytical model, the excitation mechanism of the rolling bearing misalignment is analyzed, and the additional excitation force caused by the rolling bearing misalignment in the two fulcrum rotor system is obtained. The simulation analysis of the vibration response of the system is carried out. The change law of the natural frequency and vibration response of the bearing to the middle rotor system is obtained. (3) a finite element modeling method for the two pivot non middle rotor system with the rolling bearing misalignment is proposed, and the vibration response of the rotor system is simulated and analyzed, and the time frequency response and the axis of the rotor system vibration of the rolling bearing are obtained. The contrasting analysis shows that the angle of the rotor system has obvious axial vibration characteristics. (4) based on the typical structural features of the gear coupling and the axial contact, the 5 degree of freedom stiffness model of the sleeve gear coupling with lateral stiffness, bending stiffness and axial stiffness is established. Based on Lagrange The energy method derives the analytical model of the three pivot rotor system with the misalignment of the gear coupling. Based on the analytical model, the excitation principle of the rotor system is analyzed. The vibration response of the rotor system is simulated and analyzed. The vibration of the two rotors presents different rules and does not show a significant effect on the middle long axis. Two frequency doubling component and complex vibration behavior, especially the gear coupling does not cause the strong axial vibration of the rotor system. (5) a finite element modeling method for the three fulcrum system with the misalignment of the gear coupling is proposed. The numerical simulation of the vibration response of the rotor system is carried out. The results show that the middle long axis is not in the wrong way. The results are more significant. The results are compared with the test results of the model test bench, with similar two frequency doubling vibration characteristics and axial vibration characteristics. This paper, aiming at the wrong middle problem of the rotor system, has carried out the misalignment of the rolling bearing misalignment and the coupling from three aspects of the analytical analysis, the finite element simulation analysis and the test verification. In the study of dynamic mechanism and vibration characteristics, the lateral and axial vibration characteristics of the middle rotor system are obtained. The results are of great value to the evaluation and control of the vibration in the rotor system.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TH113
【引证文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 韩清凯;王美令;赵广;冯国全;;转子系统不对中问题的研究进展[J];动力学与控制学报;2016年01期
，本文编号：2148581
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