液压泵输出流量脉动控制及其应用研究
发布时间：2018-08-06 12:24
【摘要】：液压传动作为机电液一体化技术的重要组成部分，由于其具有诸多独特的优点而被广泛应用。然而，液压传动自身存在的一些缺点也限制了该项技术的发展。其中，液压系统的压力脉动就是一个亟待解决的技术难题。 液压系统压力脉动的原因多种多样，其中液压泵的输出流量脉动是液压系统压力脉动的源头，是引起液压系统压力脉动的根本原因。 本课题从液压系统压力脉动的源头——液压泵的输出流量脉动入手，研究寻找适当的方法和措施，通过降低或消除液压泵的输出流量脉动来控制液压系统的压力脉动。 首先，从两种常见液压泵——斜盘式轴向柱塞泵和内啮合齿轮泵的原理和结构入手，分别分析了这两种液压泵的理论输出流量规律、加工和装配误差影响下的内泄漏规律，并结合这两者的规律，分析了液压泵的实际输出流量脉动规律。 其次，讨论了测量液压泵实际输出流量脉动规律的实验原理和方法，设计并搭建了液压泵输出流量脉动规律测量装置，对两种具体型号的斜盘式轴向柱塞泵和内啮合齿轮泵完成了实际输出流量脉动的测试实验，并对实验数据进行整理和分析，，得到了液压泵输出流量脉动的真实规律。 再次，根据实验测得的液压泵输出流量脉动规律特点，提出了两种降低液压泵输出流量脉动的具体措施： （1）液压泵错相位并联降脉动法。该方法通过将两个型号参数相同的液压泵的输出流量脉动错开180度的相位角，使两个泵输出流量脉动的波峰和波谷叠加，可以有效降低流量脉动和压力脉动。 （2）液压泵压力闭环伺服控制降脉动法。该方法使用伺服电机驱动液压泵，通过压力传感器反馈系统压力与伺服电机构成闭环控制，采用数字PID算法，实时调节液压泵的转速，从而达到稳定液压泵输出流量和压力的目的。由于伺服电机的最高速度响应频率有限，因此使用该方法降低液压泵的输出流量和压力脉动对于较低的转速范围效果比较理想，而这恰好能弥补液压泵低速运行时流量脉动加剧、性能下降的缺陷，增大了液压泵工作转速的可用范围。 提出了降低液压泵输出流量脉动的具体措施以后，讨论了这些降脉动措施的实施方案，并设计完成了相应的软、硬件系统，针对具体型号的液压泵进行了降脉动效果验证的实验，结果表明这两种降脉动措施是有效的、可行的。 最后，将所提出的两种降低液压泵输出流量脉动的措施相结合，应用到某型号液压式万能试验机上，得到了良好的应用效果。 本课题提出了降低液压泵输出流量脉动的具体措施，并将其应用到实际生产生活当中，拓宽了液压泵的使用范围，为解决液压系统压力脉动问题提供了新的思路、做出了新的尝试。
[Abstract]:Hydraulic transmission, as an important part of electrohydraulic integration technology, has been widely used because of its many unique advantages. However, some shortcomings of hydraulic transmission itself also limit the development of this technology. Among them, pressure fluctuation of hydraulic system is a technical problem to be solved urgently. There are many reasons for pressure pulsation in hydraulic system, among which the output flow pulsation of hydraulic pump is the source of pressure pulsation in hydraulic system and the fundamental cause of pressure pulsation in hydraulic system. Starting from the source of pressure pulsation in hydraulic system, the output flow pulsation of hydraulic pump, this paper studies the appropriate methods and measures to control the pressure pulsation of hydraulic system by reducing or eliminating the output flow pulsation of hydraulic pump. First of all, starting with the principle and structure of two common hydraulic pumps, the oblique disc axial piston pump and the internal gear pump, the theoretical output flow law of the two hydraulic pumps and the internal leakage law under the influence of machining and assembly errors are analyzed respectively. Combined with these two laws, the actual output flow pulsation law of hydraulic pump is analyzed. Secondly, the experimental principle and method of measuring the flow pulsation law of the hydraulic pump are discussed, and the measuring device of the output flow pulsation law of the hydraulic pump is designed and built. Two kinds of oblique disc axial piston pump and internal gear pump have been tested and tested on the actual output flow pulsation. The experimental data have been sorted out and analyzed, and the true law of the hydraulic pump output flow pulsation has been obtained. Thirdly, according to the characteristics of the hydraulic pump output flow pulsation, two specific measures to reduce the hydraulic pump output flow pulsation are put forward: (1) the hydraulic pump staggered phase parallel pulsation method. In this method, the output flow pulsation of two hydraulic pumps with the same parameters is staggered at a phase angle of 180 degrees, so that the wave peaks and troughs of the two pumps output flow pulsation are superposed. Flow pulsation and pressure pulsation can be effectively reduced. (2) hydraulic pump pressure closed loop servo control pulsating method. In this method, servo motor is used to drive hydraulic pump, pressure sensor feedback system and servo motor constitute closed loop control, and digital PID algorithm is used to adjust the speed of hydraulic pump in real time. Thus, the output flow and pressure of hydraulic pump can be stabilized. Because the maximum speed response frequency of servo motor is limited, it is ideal to use this method to reduce the output flow rate and pressure pulsation of hydraulic pump for lower speed range. This can make up for the defects of the increase of flow pulsation and the deterioration of performance when the hydraulic pump is running at low speed, which increases the available range of the hydraulic pump's working speed. After putting forward the concrete measures to reduce the output flow pulsation of hydraulic pump, the implementation schemes of these measures are discussed, and the corresponding software and hardware systems are designed and completed. The results show that these two measures are effective and feasible. Finally, the two measures proposed to reduce the output flow pulsation of hydraulic pump are combined and applied to a certain type of hydraulic universal testing machine, and good application results are obtained. This paper puts forward the concrete measures to reduce the output flow pulsation of hydraulic pump, and applies it to the actual production and life, widens the scope of application of hydraulic pump, and provides a new way of thinking for solving the pressure pulsation problem of hydraulic system. A new attempt was made.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TH137.51
本文编号：2167721
[Abstract]:Hydraulic transmission, as an important part of electrohydraulic integration technology, has been widely used because of its many unique advantages. However, some shortcomings of hydraulic transmission itself also limit the development of this technology. Among them, pressure fluctuation of hydraulic system is a technical problem to be solved urgently. There are many reasons for pressure pulsation in hydraulic system, among which the output flow pulsation of hydraulic pump is the source of pressure pulsation in hydraulic system and the fundamental cause of pressure pulsation in hydraulic system. Starting from the source of pressure pulsation in hydraulic system, the output flow pulsation of hydraulic pump, this paper studies the appropriate methods and measures to control the pressure pulsation of hydraulic system by reducing or eliminating the output flow pulsation of hydraulic pump. First of all, starting with the principle and structure of two common hydraulic pumps, the oblique disc axial piston pump and the internal gear pump, the theoretical output flow law of the two hydraulic pumps and the internal leakage law under the influence of machining and assembly errors are analyzed respectively. Combined with these two laws, the actual output flow pulsation law of hydraulic pump is analyzed. Secondly, the experimental principle and method of measuring the flow pulsation law of the hydraulic pump are discussed, and the measuring device of the output flow pulsation law of the hydraulic pump is designed and built. Two kinds of oblique disc axial piston pump and internal gear pump have been tested and tested on the actual output flow pulsation. The experimental data have been sorted out and analyzed, and the true law of the hydraulic pump output flow pulsation has been obtained. Thirdly, according to the characteristics of the hydraulic pump output flow pulsation, two specific measures to reduce the hydraulic pump output flow pulsation are put forward: (1) the hydraulic pump staggered phase parallel pulsation method. In this method, the output flow pulsation of two hydraulic pumps with the same parameters is staggered at a phase angle of 180 degrees, so that the wave peaks and troughs of the two pumps output flow pulsation are superposed. Flow pulsation and pressure pulsation can be effectively reduced. (2) hydraulic pump pressure closed loop servo control pulsating method. In this method, servo motor is used to drive hydraulic pump, pressure sensor feedback system and servo motor constitute closed loop control, and digital PID algorithm is used to adjust the speed of hydraulic pump in real time. Thus, the output flow and pressure of hydraulic pump can be stabilized. Because the maximum speed response frequency of servo motor is limited, it is ideal to use this method to reduce the output flow rate and pressure pulsation of hydraulic pump for lower speed range. This can make up for the defects of the increase of flow pulsation and the deterioration of performance when the hydraulic pump is running at low speed, which increases the available range of the hydraulic pump's working speed. After putting forward the concrete measures to reduce the output flow pulsation of hydraulic pump, the implementation schemes of these measures are discussed, and the corresponding software and hardware systems are designed and completed. The results show that these two measures are effective and feasible. Finally, the two measures proposed to reduce the output flow pulsation of hydraulic pump are combined and applied to a certain type of hydraulic universal testing machine, and good application results are obtained. This paper puts forward the concrete measures to reduce the output flow pulsation of hydraulic pump, and applies it to the actual production and life, widens the scope of application of hydraulic pump, and provides a new way of thinking for solving the pressure pulsation problem of hydraulic system. A new attempt was made.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TH137.51
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