桥式起重机桥架的有限元模型及动态特性分析
发布时间：2018-08-08 20:39
【摘要】：随着生产规模的日益发展,对起重机的工作性能提出了更新、更高的要求：起重量增大、工作频繁、操作灵活可靠、自重减轻等。由于起重机的传统设计受到一些条件的限制,计算中假设和简化太多,所设计的桥式起重机投入生产后,并未处在最理想的状态下工作,往往具有太大的安全系数,致使部分材料浪费和制造成本提高。如何在确保安全性能的前提下,设计和制造出性价比高的起重机,是一个值得深入研究的重要课题。采用动态设计等现代设计方法对起重机进行研究和设计不失为一条有效的技术途径。通过建立传统设计的机械结构的有限元模型,研究和分析其动态特性,进而对结构进行审核、修改或重新设计,使其达到优化目的。因此对起重机进行动态分析,有针对性的应用于产品设计阶段,改进其结构使其更加合理,这对降低设备成本,提高性价比,具有重要的现实意义。 起重机的作业特点是各机构频繁地启动、加速、减速和制动,对桥架结构产生不停的冲击和振动。桥架结构的动态特性对整机的性能影响很大,影响到结构的动强度、动刚度、传动机构的运动精度以及司机的舒适感等等。本论文以偏轨箱形双梁桥式起重机为研究对象,以起重机动力学和有限元法为理论基础和分析手段,运用有限元分析软件ANSYS建立了桥架的有限元模型。应用ANSYS软件对满载小车位于主梁跨中和跨端两工况进行了静力分析,得到桥架结构的承载应力大小和分布状况；对桥架结构进行了模态分析,获得系统前四阶固有频率和振型；对桥架结构的强度和静、动刚度进行了校核,桥架的强度、刚度均有较大的富余；运用完全法对桥架结构进行了瞬态动力学分析,得出满载小车位于主梁跨中位置,桥架结构在起升冲击载荷作用下,跨中节点的位移响应曲线和最大动位移；应用ANSYS软件的优化模块对桥架结构进行参数优化设计,选取主梁截面尺寸作为设计变量,在满足桥架强度、刚度以及工艺要求的前提下,对桥架的主梁进行了优化,单根主梁的自重减轻了24.47%,具有潜在的可观经济效益。 本文的研究为起重机桥架的优化设计提供了新的途径,所得出的研究结论对起重机桥架设计具有一定的工程应用价值。
[Abstract]:With the increasing development of production scale, the working performance of crane is updated, higher requirements are put forward, such as increasing the lifting weight, working frequently, operating flexibly and reliably, reducing the weight of crane and so on. Because the traditional design of crane is limited by some conditions, the calculation assumes and simplifies too much. After the crane is put into production, the designed bridge crane does not work in the ideal condition, and often has too much safety factor. The waste of some materials and the cost of manufacturing are increased. How to design and manufacture a crane with high performance and price ratio under the premise of ensuring safety performance is an important subject worthy of further study. The research and design of crane with modern design methods such as dynamic design is an effective technical approach. By establishing the finite element model of the traditional mechanical structure, the dynamic characteristics of the structure are studied and analyzed, and then the structure is checked, modified or redesigned to achieve the purpose of optimization. Therefore, the dynamic analysis of crane is applied to the stage of product design, and the structure of crane is improved to make it more reasonable, which is of great practical significance to reduce the cost of equipment and improve the ratio of performance to price. Crane operation is characterized by frequent starting, acceleration, deceleration and braking of each mechanism, resulting in continuous impact and vibration on the bridge structure. The dynamic characteristics of the bridge structure have a great influence on the performance of the whole machine, which affects the dynamic strength, the dynamic stiffness of the structure, the motion accuracy of the transmission mechanism and the comfort of the driver, and so on. In this paper, the finite element model of the bridge frame is established by using the finite element analysis software ANSYS, taking the crane dynamics and finite element method as the theoretical basis and analysis means. By using ANSYS software, the static analysis of the full load trolley located at the main girder span and the cross end is carried out, and the bearing stress and distribution of the bridge frame structure are obtained, and the modal analysis of the bridge frame structure is carried out, and the first four natural frequencies and modes of the system are obtained. The strength, static and dynamic stiffness of the bridge frame structure are checked, the strength and stiffness of the bridge frame are all abundant, the transient dynamic analysis of the bridge frame structure is carried out by using the complete method, and the full load car is found to be in the middle of the main girder span. The displacement response curve and the maximum dynamic displacement of the mid-span node are obtained under the action of lifting impact load, and the optimization module of ANSYS software is used to optimize the parameters of the bridge frame structure, and the cross-section size of the main beam is selected as the design variable. On the premise of meeting the requirements of strength, stiffness and technology of the bridge frame, the main girder of the bridge frame is optimized. The weight of the single main girder is reduced by 24.47, and the potential economic benefit is considerable. The research in this paper provides a new way for the optimal design of crane bridge frame, and the conclusions obtained have certain engineering application value for crane bridge design.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH215
本文编号：2172973
[Abstract]:With the increasing development of production scale, the working performance of crane is updated, higher requirements are put forward, such as increasing the lifting weight, working frequently, operating flexibly and reliably, reducing the weight of crane and so on. Because the traditional design of crane is limited by some conditions, the calculation assumes and simplifies too much. After the crane is put into production, the designed bridge crane does not work in the ideal condition, and often has too much safety factor. The waste of some materials and the cost of manufacturing are increased. How to design and manufacture a crane with high performance and price ratio under the premise of ensuring safety performance is an important subject worthy of further study. The research and design of crane with modern design methods such as dynamic design is an effective technical approach. By establishing the finite element model of the traditional mechanical structure, the dynamic characteristics of the structure are studied and analyzed, and then the structure is checked, modified or redesigned to achieve the purpose of optimization. Therefore, the dynamic analysis of crane is applied to the stage of product design, and the structure of crane is improved to make it more reasonable, which is of great practical significance to reduce the cost of equipment and improve the ratio of performance to price. Crane operation is characterized by frequent starting, acceleration, deceleration and braking of each mechanism, resulting in continuous impact and vibration on the bridge structure. The dynamic characteristics of the bridge structure have a great influence on the performance of the whole machine, which affects the dynamic strength, the dynamic stiffness of the structure, the motion accuracy of the transmission mechanism and the comfort of the driver, and so on. In this paper, the finite element model of the bridge frame is established by using the finite element analysis software ANSYS, taking the crane dynamics and finite element method as the theoretical basis and analysis means. By using ANSYS software, the static analysis of the full load trolley located at the main girder span and the cross end is carried out, and the bearing stress and distribution of the bridge frame structure are obtained, and the modal analysis of the bridge frame structure is carried out, and the first four natural frequencies and modes of the system are obtained. The strength, static and dynamic stiffness of the bridge frame structure are checked, the strength and stiffness of the bridge frame are all abundant, the transient dynamic analysis of the bridge frame structure is carried out by using the complete method, and the full load car is found to be in the middle of the main girder span. The displacement response curve and the maximum dynamic displacement of the mid-span node are obtained under the action of lifting impact load, and the optimization module of ANSYS software is used to optimize the parameters of the bridge frame structure, and the cross-section size of the main beam is selected as the design variable. On the premise of meeting the requirements of strength, stiffness and technology of the bridge frame, the main girder of the bridge frame is optimized. The weight of the single main girder is reduced by 24.47, and the potential economic benefit is considerable. The research in this paper provides a new way for the optimal design of crane bridge frame, and the conclusions obtained have certain engineering application value for crane bridge design.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH215
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 朱小海;大型门式起重机结构特性与系统虚拟仿真研究[D];西南交通大学;2013年
，本文编号：2172973
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