小型家用光伏水泵扬水系统的研究

发布时间：2018-08-09 14:05

【摘要】：如今,能源和环境问题已经成为各国政府关注的重大问题。作为一种可再生能源太阳能光伏发电的利用迅速发展起来。随着淡水资源的日益匮乏,加上在发展中国家仍有很多电网覆盖不到的地区存在着用电难、用水难的问题,因此对兼具实用价值和社会价值的光伏水泵系统的研究具有重要意义。本文在分析光伏电池板特性及水泵工作原理的基础上,研制了一种新型的光伏水泵扬水系统,该系统以光伏电池作为系统的供电电源,采用无位置传感器直流无刷电机作为水泵的驱动电机,采用PIC16F877A单片机作为系统的主控芯片。为了提高光伏水泵系统的功率和效率,论文重点研究了基于改进变步长导纳增量法的最大功率点跟踪算法及光伏电池的输出功率和水泵流量之间的关系。为了使光伏水泵系统稳定可靠运行,论文还研究了反电势过零点检测、电机的换相以及“三段式”起动方法,采用一种“虚拟中性点”法检测反电势过零点。论文采用了软硬件相结合的方式实现对系统的控制。为了验证系统的性能,对系统进行了理论仿真和实际测试,结果表明,所研制的光伏水泵系统能够始终工作于最大功率状态,系统在晴天和阴天都能平稳起动、高效、可靠、稳定运行。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, energy and environmental problems have become a major concern of the governments of all countries. As a renewable energy, the utilization of solar energy and photovoltaic power has developed rapidly. With the increasing shortage of fresh water resources, the problem of difficult to use electricity and water is difficult in the areas where the developing countries are still not covered by the power grid. The research of photovoltaic pump system with practical value and social value is of great significance.
Based on the analysis of the characteristics of photovoltaic panels and the working principle of the pump, a new type of photovoltaic water pump water lifting system is developed. The system uses photovoltaic cells as the power supply of the system. The DC brushless motor without position sensor is used as the driving motor of the pump, and the PIC16F877A MCU is used as the main control chip of the system. In order to improve the power and efficiency of the photovoltaic water pump system, the paper focuses on the relationship between the maximum power point tracking algorithm based on the improved variable step length admittance increment method and the output power of the photovoltaic cell and the flow rate of the pump. In order to make the PV pump system run steadily and reliably, the paper also studies the zero crossing point detection of the back EMF and the commutation of the motor. As well as the "three stage" starting method, a "virtual neutral" method is used to detect the zero crossing point of the back EMF. The paper uses the combination of hardware and software to control the system.
In order to verify the performance of the system, the system has been simulated and tested. The results show that the developed photovoltaic water pump system can always work in the maximum power state. The system can start smoothly in both sunny and cloudy days, and the system is efficient, reliable and stable.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH38

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