滑动轴承用无铅铜基石墨复合材料的研究
发布时间：2018-08-21 11:35
【摘要】：本文以石墨粉、Cu10Sn合金粉为原料，采用粉末冶金法制备了石墨含量为0~3wt.%的Cu10Sn/石墨复合材料和Cu10Sn/镀铜石墨复合材料（镀铜石墨粉采用化学镀工艺）。较为系统的研究了石墨含量、石墨粉粒径以及表面修饰镀铜层厚度对复合材料物理性能、力学性能以及摩擦磨损性能的影响，用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线能谱仪（EDS）等对微观形貌和结构进行了分析，并探讨了不同载荷下复合材料的摩擦磨损机理。 研究结果表明：（1）添加石墨粉可以明显改善材料的摩擦学性能，随着石墨含量的增加，复合材料的摩擦系数均明显下降，范围从0.4~0.5下降到0.2~0.3；但这种下降趋势随着石墨浓度的增加，特别是高于2.5wt.%时，变得越来越小；与此同时磨损量也有显著降低。然而，石墨的添加降低了材料的力学性能，当石墨含量由0.5wt.%增加至3wt.%时，抗压强度降低了约50%。（2）石墨粒径影响材料性能，当石墨含量高于1wt.%时，材料的各方面性能均随石墨粒径的增大而提高，，石墨含量为3wt.%时，这种差别尤为明显。（3）石墨表面的铜镀层是以形核方式长大的，而不是细小铜颗粒的堆叠。石墨表面涂层对复合材料性能有较大影响。石墨表面镀铜层较薄时(MC: MCu＜1:1)，复合材料的性能较未镀覆时没有明显的变化，当MC: MCu=1:1时，材料在密度和相对密度上都有所提高，同时，抗压强度提高了约5~10%，摩擦系数也有显著的降低，同时磨损量在100N载荷下也有大幅度降低，约15~25%；而继续增加镀层厚度，材料的相对密度、硬度等均有所下降，使得摩擦与机械性能反而急剧下降。（4）在低载荷（30、50N）下，复合材料主要的磨损机制是相对轻微的磨料磨损，而在高载荷（100N）下，呈现较为严重的磨料磨损；在低石墨浓度（低于1wt.%）下，主要磨损机制是严重的粘着磨损，在高石墨浓度（高于2.5wt.%）下，是相对轻微的粘着磨损。此外，石墨镀铜层过厚（MC: MCu=1:2）及粒径为20μm时，还会发生疲劳磨损的现象。磨损机制主要受载荷和石墨浓度两方面的影响；不同材料的磨损机制相近，主要是磨损程度有所不同。
[Abstract]:In this paper, Cu10Sn/ graphite composites and Cu10Sn/ copper-coated graphite composites with graphite content of 0 ~ 3wt.% were prepared by powder metallurgy from graphite powder Cu10Sn alloy powder. The effects of graphite content, graphite particle size and the thickness of surface modified copper coating on the physical properties, mechanical properties and friction and wear properties of composites were studied systematically. The microstructure and morphology of the composites were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) X-ray energy spectrometer (EDS), and the friction and wear mechanisms of the composites under different loads were discussed. The results show that: (1) the tribological properties of the composites can be improved obviously by adding graphite powder. With the increase of graphite content, the friction coefficient of the composites decreases obviously, and the range of friction coefficient decreases from 0.4 ~ (0.5) to 0.2 ~ (3); However, with the increase of graphite concentration, especially when the graphite concentration is higher than 2.5 wt.%, the decreasing trend becomes smaller and smaller, and at the same time, the amount of wear decreases significantly. However, the addition of graphite reduced the mechanical properties of the material. When the content of graphite increased from 0.5 wt.% to 3 wt.%, the compressive strength decreased by about 50%. (2) the size of graphite affected the properties of the material, and when the content of graphite was higher than 1 wt.%, The properties of the materials increase with the increase of graphite particle size, especially when the graphite content is 3wt.%. (3) the copper coating on graphite surface grows in nucleation rather than stacking of fine copper particles. Graphite coating has great influence on the properties of composites. When the copper coating on graphite surface is thin (MC: MCu < 1:1), the properties of composites have no obvious change compared with those without coating. When MC: MCu=1:1 is used, the density and relative density of the composites are improved, and at the same time, The compressive strength has been increased by about 5% and the friction coefficient has also been significantly reduced, and the wear amount has also decreased by a large margin under 100N load, about 15 ~ 25%, while the relative density and hardness of the material have decreased with the increasing of the coating thickness. The friction and mechanical properties decreased sharply. (4) the main wear mechanism of the composites was relatively slight abrasive wear at low load (30 ~ 50N), but severe abrasive wear at high load (100N), and at low graphite concentration (less than 1wt.%). The main wear mechanism is severe adhesion wear, which is relatively slight at high graphite concentration (> 2.5 wt.%). In addition, when the graphite copper coating is too thick (MC: MCu=1:2) and the particle size is 20 渭 m, fatigue wear will occur. The wear mechanism is mainly affected by load and graphite concentration, and the wear mechanism of different materials is similar, mainly due to the different wear degree.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH133.31;TB333
本文编号：2195591
[Abstract]:In this paper, Cu10Sn/ graphite composites and Cu10Sn/ copper-coated graphite composites with graphite content of 0 ~ 3wt.% were prepared by powder metallurgy from graphite powder Cu10Sn alloy powder. The effects of graphite content, graphite particle size and the thickness of surface modified copper coating on the physical properties, mechanical properties and friction and wear properties of composites were studied systematically. The microstructure and morphology of the composites were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) X-ray energy spectrometer (EDS), and the friction and wear mechanisms of the composites under different loads were discussed. The results show that: (1) the tribological properties of the composites can be improved obviously by adding graphite powder. With the increase of graphite content, the friction coefficient of the composites decreases obviously, and the range of friction coefficient decreases from 0.4 ~ (0.5) to 0.2 ~ (3); However, with the increase of graphite concentration, especially when the graphite concentration is higher than 2.5 wt.%, the decreasing trend becomes smaller and smaller, and at the same time, the amount of wear decreases significantly. However, the addition of graphite reduced the mechanical properties of the material. When the content of graphite increased from 0.5 wt.% to 3 wt.%, the compressive strength decreased by about 50%. (2) the size of graphite affected the properties of the material, and when the content of graphite was higher than 1 wt.%, The properties of the materials increase with the increase of graphite particle size, especially when the graphite content is 3wt.%. (3) the copper coating on graphite surface grows in nucleation rather than stacking of fine copper particles. Graphite coating has great influence on the properties of composites. When the copper coating on graphite surface is thin (MC: MCu < 1:1), the properties of composites have no obvious change compared with those without coating. When MC: MCu=1:1 is used, the density and relative density of the composites are improved, and at the same time, The compressive strength has been increased by about 5% and the friction coefficient has also been significantly reduced, and the wear amount has also decreased by a large margin under 100N load, about 15 ~ 25%, while the relative density and hardness of the material have decreased with the increasing of the coating thickness. The friction and mechanical properties decreased sharply. (4) the main wear mechanism of the composites was relatively slight abrasive wear at low load (30 ~ 50N), but severe abrasive wear at high load (100N), and at low graphite concentration (less than 1wt.%). The main wear mechanism is severe adhesion wear, which is relatively slight at high graphite concentration (> 2.5 wt.%). In addition, when the graphite copper coating is too thick (MC: MCu=1:2) and the particle size is 20 渭 m, fatigue wear will occur. The wear mechanism is mainly affected by load and graphite concentration, and the wear mechanism of different materials is similar, mainly due to the different wear degree.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH133.31;TB333
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