制造单元工艺生命周期清单数据建模

发布时间：2018-08-29 07:37

【摘要】：制造业是造成环境污染和资源消耗的主要根源。现阶段能够有效评估制造业资源环境属性的方法为全生命周期评价(LCA)。清单分析作为LCA评估的重要阶段,是对产品或活动整个生命周期中输入和输出汇编和量化的过程。制造业中最典型的污染来源是机电产品的制造,而机电产品的制造过程是由一系列单元工艺组合而成,所以研究单元工艺的生命周期清单(LCI)数据具有重要意义。本文基于现阶段清单数据和制造工艺LCI的国内外研究现状,综合分析了生命周期清单分析存在的问题,总结了清单分析的基本模型、实际分析流程,和当前清单分析方法,并在此基础上探讨了技术领域与环境领域中的生命周期清单数据类型。在确定清单数据类型的基础上,研究了单元工艺过程的输入输出的环境资源特性,如资源、能源消耗特性以及环境影响特性等,此外还分析了加工过程中工艺参数选择对LCI数据的影响。确定了单元工艺系统研究的系统边界以及所使用的功能单位,并讨论了两种收集量化清单数据的方法：筛选方法和深入方法。筛选方法主要是基于计算的方法,包括能量消耗计算和材料质量损失计算；深入方法主要是通过对工艺过程实际加工现场的测量获得清单数据,包括时间研究、功率研究、消耗研究和排放研究。本文主要采用筛选方法来研究单元工艺生命周期的清单数据,归纳出工艺参数以及单元工艺输入对工艺过程清单数据的具体影响值。基于筛选方法,以车削、铣削、钻削三大切削工艺为研究对象,对单元工艺生命周期清单中涉及到的能耗、材料损失、废切削液和废润滑液等数据类型,分别建立了数据模型。最后,分别对车削工艺和钻削工艺的加工实例进行分析,验证了清单数据模型在实际加工中的可行性。得到的数据清单可以在零件加工之前判断其是否满足绿色特性要求,不满足时可根据具体要求更改工艺参数使之达到要求,如此便可减少制造工艺加工过程的资源消耗和环境影响,实现绿色制造。
[Abstract]:Manufacturing industry is the main source of environmental pollution and resource consumption. At present, the method that can effectively evaluate the attribute of manufacturing resources and environment is the whole life cycle evaluation of (LCA). Inventory analysis, as an important stage of LCA evaluation, is the process of compiling and quantifying input and output throughout the life cycle of a product or activity. The most typical source of pollution in manufacturing industry is the manufacture of electromechanical products, and the manufacturing process of electromechanical products is composed of a series of unit processes, so it is of great significance to study the (LCI) data of life cycle list of unit processes. Based on the current research status of inventory data and manufacturing process LCI at home and abroad, this paper comprehensively analyzes the problems existing in life cycle list analysis, summarizes the basic model of inventory analysis, the actual analysis flow, and the current inventory analysis methods. On this basis, the life cycle inventory data types in the field of technology and environment are discussed. Based on the determination of the type of inventory data, the characteristics of environmental resources, such as resources, energy consumption characteristics and environmental impact characteristics, are studied for the input and output of the unit process, In addition, the influence of process parameters selection on LCI data is analyzed. The system boundary and the functional units used in the research of the unit process system are determined. Two methods to collect the quantitative inventory data are discussed: the screening method and the in-depth method. The screening method is mainly based on calculation, including energy consumption calculation and material mass loss calculation, while the in-depth method is mainly based on the measurement of the actual processing site of the process to obtain inventory data, including time research, power research, Consumption and emission studies. In this paper, the selection method is used to study the inventory data of the unit process life cycle, and the process parameters and the specific influence values of the unit process input on the process list data are summarized. Based on the screening method, the data models are established for the data types of energy consumption, material loss, waste cutting fluid and waste lubricating fluid, which are involved in the life cycle list of unit process, taking the three cutting processes of turning, milling and drilling as the research object. Finally, the machining examples of turning process and drilling process are analyzed, and the feasibility of inventory data model in actual machining is verified. The obtained data list can be used to determine whether the parts meet the green requirements before processing, and to change the process parameters according to the specific requirements to meet the requirements when they are not met. In this way, the resource consumption and environmental impact of manufacturing process can be reduced, and green manufacturing can be realized.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TH16

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