起重机车架测试系统的研究与开发

发布时间：2018-09-07 09:51

【摘要】：汽车起重机车架是典型的焊接箱梁结构，对其疲劳强度等性能的分析受到加工工艺、机械结构局部细节等复杂因素的影响，目前的计算方法，很难以将各种影响因素都考虑在内。需用综合试验技术来发现车架在实际工况下可能存在的问题。本文以某汽车起重机为研究对象，，以结构力学，工程试验设计理论为指导，用电液伺服系统实现了对车架所受载荷的模拟，可对车架进行强度和疲劳寿命等测试。本文研究的主要内容及成果如下：通过对车架的受力状况进行分析，对车架加载测试系统进行总体设计，实现了大位移大载荷的多通道协调加载，通过对车架的支腿施加载荷可较好模拟多种工况下车架的受力情况。针对加载测试系统的功能需求，开发了试验台的软件系统。软件系统实现了丰富的人机界面、便捷的参数设置、精确的加载控制、高效的数据处理、存储和查询等功能，并可根据试验类型的不同自动生成试验报告。提出了车架支腿反力计算应同时考虑车架大梁扭转变形和支腿弯曲变形的观点，并据此建立了起重机支腿反力计算模型。通过实验验证，表明本文给出的计算模型能较好地反映支反力的幅值与变化规律，为试验台加载载荷谱的确定提供了理论依据。基于系统已有的功能，经实际试验验证，本系统能够较好地模拟车架受力情况，提高了起重机车架疲劳寿命测试的速度和准确性，促进了起重机车架的设计和研究。
[Abstract]:Truck crane frame is a typical welded box girder structure. Its fatigue strength and other properties are affected by complicated factors, such as machining technology, local details of mechanical structure, etc. It is difficult to take into account all the factors affecting it. It is necessary to use comprehensive test technique to find the possible problems of frame under actual working conditions. Based on the theory of structural mechanics and engineering test design, this paper takes a certain truck crane as the research object, and uses the electro-hydraulic servo system to simulate the load on the frame, which can be used to test the strength and fatigue life of the frame. The main contents and achievements of this paper are as follows: through the analysis of the stress condition of the frame, the overall design of the frame loading test system is carried out, and the multi-channel coordinated loading with large displacement and large load is realized. By applying the load to the supporting leg of the frame, it can well simulate the force situation of the frame under various working conditions. According to the function requirement of the loading and testing system, the software system of the test bed is developed. The software system realizes rich man-machine interface, convenient parameter setting, accurate loading control, efficient data processing, storage and query, and can automatically generate test report according to different test types. The point of view that the torsional deformation and bending deformation of the frame girder should be considered in the calculation of the reaction force of the frame support is put forward, and the calculation model of the reaction force of the supporting leg of the crane is established accordingly. The experimental results show that the calculation model presented in this paper can well reflect the amplitude and variation of the supporting force, which provides a theoretical basis for the determination of the load spectrum of the test bed. Based on the existing functions of the system and verified by practical tests, the system can better simulate the loading of the frame, improve the speed and accuracy of testing the fatigue life of the crane frame, and promote the design and research of the crane frame.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH213.6

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