基于CFD的大流量高全压叶轮机械开发设计与研究

发布时间：2018-09-11 15:16

【摘要】：叶轮机械作为以连续旋转叶片为做功载体,使能量在流体工质与轴动力之间相互转换的能源利用装置之一,广泛应用于能源、电力、石油化工、交通运输等国民经济及国防军事领域。从国家重大装备制造业和现代经济需求来看,叶轮机械向高性能参数、高可靠性等方向发展是一个必然的趋势。以应用在电力驱动的动车组上的牵引电机冷却通风机为例,它具有占用空间小、耗功小、能为动车组牵引电机提供大流量、高全压冷却气体的特点；又如被称为核电站核岛“心脏”的核反应堆冷却剂泵,有在高温、高压、辐射环境下长期、安全、可靠地运行,并具有大流量和高扬程的苛刻性能要求。然而大流量高全压叶轮机械内部流动较为复杂,使得核主泵在水力特性、安全可靠等方面设计难度较大,国内长期依靠进口,严重限制了我国核电发展进程。开发研制先进、高效、可靠的叶轮机械,可以弥补国内技术空白并替代国外进口产品,增强国产高性能参数叶轮机械国际市场竞争力,对我国经济发展具有重要的意义。论文围绕“和谐号”某系列动车组牵引电机冷却用通风机国产化任务进行研究,根据工程需要,对原进口风机及若干改型方案进行论证,进而通过一维设计初定所设计的新型风机的几何参数,利用三维数值模拟方法研究离心风机的内部流动并预测其性能；针对流场中存在的缺点,以提升风机效率、保证出口静压升、功率消耗最小及提升风机高可靠性运行为目标,对冷却通风机重要过流部件叶轮、进口流道和扩压通道进行深入分析及改型,并将最佳方案制造样机,完成性能试验,实验结果显示：自主设计的动车组牵引电机冷却风机满足国内“和谐号”某系列动车组冷却设计需要,并通过“机械工业风机产品质量监督检验中心”性能检验,可以替代进口,现已批量生产并投入使用,完成了该系列动车组牵引电机冷却用通风机国产化设计工作。在总结大流量高全压冷却风机的设计经验基础上,针对AP1000核主泵叶轮叶片前缘部分形状进行优化研究。基于Design3D优化设计平台,以总绝热多变效率最大化为目标函数,研究沿叶高不同叶片前缘形状变化规律,为改善核主泵气动性能提供设计依据。
[Abstract]:Turbomachinery is one of the energy utilizing devices which use continuous rotating blades as work carriers to convert energy between fluid and shaft power. It is widely used in energy, power, petrochemical, transportation and other national economic and defense military fields. It is an inevitable trend to develop toward high performance parameters and high reliability. Take the traction motor cooling ventilator used in EMU as an example, it has the characteristics of small occupancy space, low power consumption, large flow and high total pressure cooling gas for traction motor of EMU, and is also called "heart" of nuclear island of nuclear power station. "The nuclear reactor coolant pump has long-term, safe and reliable operation under high temperature, high pressure and radiation environment, and has severe performance requirements of large flow rate and high head. Imports have severely restricted the development of nuclear power in China. The development of advanced, efficient and reliable turbomachineries can make up for the technical gap at home and replace foreign imports, and enhance the competitiveness of domestic turbomachineries with high performance parameters in the international market.
This paper focuses on the localization of the fan for traction motor cooling of a series of EMUs of "Harmony" and demonstrates the original imported fan and some modification schemes according to the engineering needs. Then, the geometric parameters of the new fan designed by one-dimensional design are initially determined, and the inner part of the centrifugal fan is studied by three-dimensional numerical simulation method. Aiming at the shortcomings of the flow field, the impeller, inlet runner and diffuser of the important flow passage parts of the cooling fan are analyzed and modified to ensure the efficiency of the fan, the static pressure rise at the outlet, the minimum power consumption and the high reliability of the fan. The experimental results show that the self-designed cooling fan for traction motor of EMU meets the cooling design requirements of a certain series of EMU "Harmony" in China, and can replace the imported one through the performance test of "Machinery Industry Fan Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center". Now it has been produced in batches and put into use, and the series of motor has been completed. Localization design of fan for traction motor cooling.
On the basis of summing up the design experience of high-flow and high-pressure cooling fan, the shape optimization of blade leading edge of AP1000 nuclear main pump impeller was studied. Based on the design 3D optimization design platform, the shape variation of blade leading edge along blade height was studied to improve the aerodynamic performance of nuclear main pump with the objective function of maximizing the total adiabatic efficiency. Provide basis for design.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：TH122

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