错相位并联组合液压泵技术的研究

发布时间：2018-09-17 12:34

【摘要】：在各种设备中，液压系统因其布置灵活、反应速度快、操控方便、使用寿命长等等优点而得到广泛地采用。但是，液压系统也有缺憾，比如，液压系统中不可避免的存在着压力脉动。压力脉动的存在势必会使整个液压系统产生振动和噪声，从而使系统的工作性能降低，甚至，在严重的时候，会破坏系统的管路或者元件，导致整个液压系统无法正常工作。所以，除了少数的利用液压系统所产生的振动来工作的设备以外，压力脉动的存在，对液压系统乃至整个机械系统都是不利的。液压系统中产生压力脉动主要有一下四个方面：（1）液压泵产生的压力脉动；（2）管路中压力波的反射等产生的压力脉动；（3）液压控制阀谐振所产生的压力脉动；（4）方向控制阀或者执行元件操作时的惯性所产生的压力脉动。在以上四个方面中，液压泵所产生的流量脉动是系统压力脉动产生的源泉，所以，要想消除或者降低系统的压力脉动，降低液压泵产生的流量脉动是一个行之有效的办法。在设备所采用的液压泵中，常用的有柱塞泵和齿轮泵。而这两种泵从结构上来分都属于容积式液压泵。容积式液压泵的工作原理：其内在结构存在的密封容腔的体积在工作的时候产生周期性的变化，与油腔或者出油管路连通的时候，会在压力差的作用下完成吸油和排油的过程，密封容积的周期性的变化引起了液压泵输出的油液的压力发生周期性变化，形成压力脉动，而压力脉动的存在对液压系统的性能有很大的影响。因此，降低液压泵的流量脉动对于整个液压系统来说是十分重要的。本文从液压系统压力脉动的产生根源—液压泵入手，采用两个乃至多个液压泵的错相位并联，从根源上降低流量脉动。具体内容有：（1）柱塞泵的结构，，柱塞泵流量脉动的形成原因，奇数（偶数）柱塞的柱塞泵并联时的脉动分析，以及单个奇偶柱塞泵、奇奇并联、偶偶并联以及多个柱塞泵并联的综合分析和对比。（2）齿轮泵的结构，齿轮泵流量脉动的形成原因，外啮合（内啮合）齿轮泵并联时的脉动分析，以及单个齿轮泵、两个外啮合并联、两个内啮合并联以及多个齿轮泵并联的综合分析和对比。（3）用MATLAB对液压泵流量脉动的研究进行仿真，验证其正确性和可行性。
[Abstract]:Among all kinds of equipments, hydraulic system is widely used because of its flexible arrangement, fast reaction speed, convenient operation, long service life and so on. However, hydraulic system also has shortcomings, for example, pressure pulsation is inevitable in hydraulic system. The existence of pressure pulsation will inevitably make the whole hydraulic system produce vibration and noise, thus the working performance of the system will be reduced, and even, in serious cases, the pipeline or components of the system will be damaged, resulting in the whole hydraulic system can not work normally. Therefore, except for a few equipments which use the vibration produced by hydraulic system to work, the existence of pressure pulsation is disadvantageous to the hydraulic system and even the whole mechanical system. There are four main aspects of pressure pulsation in hydraulic system: (1) pressure pulsation produced by hydraulic pump, (2) pressure pulsation caused by reflection of pressure wave in pipeline, etc. (3) pressure pulsation caused by hydraulic control valve resonance; (4) pressure pulsation caused by inertia of directional control valve or when performing component operation. In the above four aspects, the flow pulsation produced by hydraulic pump is the source of system pressure pulsation, so it is an effective method to eliminate or reduce the pressure pulsation of the system and to reduce the flow pulsation produced by hydraulic pump. In the hydraulic pump used in the equipment, the commonly used piston pump and gear pump. And these two kinds of pump belong to the volumetric hydraulic pump from the structure. The working principle of the volumetric hydraulic pump: the volume of the seal chamber, which exists in its internal structure, changes periodically when it works. When it is connected with the oil chamber or the oil outlet line, it will complete the process of oil absorption and oil discharge under the action of pressure difference. The periodic change of seal volume causes the pressure of oil output from hydraulic pump to change periodically, which forms pressure pulsation, and the existence of pressure pulsation has a great influence on the performance of hydraulic system. Therefore, reducing the flow pulsation of hydraulic pump is very important for the whole hydraulic system. In this paper, starting with the origin of pressure pulsation in hydraulic system-hydraulic pump, the staggered phase parallel of two or more hydraulic pumps is adopted to reduce the flow pulsation. The main contents are as follows: (1) the structure of piston pump, the cause of flow pulsation of piston pump, the pulsation analysis of piston pump with odd number (even number) plunger in parallel, and the single even piston pump, odd-odd parallel connection, Comprehensive analysis and comparison of even couple parallel connection and multiple piston pump parallel connection. (2) structure of gear pump, cause of flow pulsation of gear pump, pulsation analysis of external (internal) gear pump in parallel, and single gear pump, Comprehensive analysis and comparison of two external meshing parallel, two internal meshing parallel and multiple gear pump parallel connection. (3) the flow pulsation of hydraulic pump is simulated with MATLAB to verify its correctness and feasibility.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH137.51

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