轴系扭振及其对精密滚珠丝杠传动精度影响的研究

发布时间：2018-10-13 10:48

【摘要】：扭转振动是旋转类机械运动的一种普遍形式,其对轴系的传动精度带来很大的影响。对于各种加工机床,振动是普遍存在于各个机械运动领域的,而滚珠丝杠是数控机床的主要传动部件,直接参与机床加工,其动态特性对切削稳定性和机床加工水平有很大的影响。因此,对于轴系在扭振负荷作用下的动力学响应特性进行分析与研究就显得非常有必要,同时,研究结果对提高机床的加工精度有重要意义。本文针对轴系扭负荷状态,建立轴系扭振激励和检测试验的模拟试验台,设计轴系扭振信号采集、分离和数据分析计算方法,并分析了轴系在扭负荷作用下的角位移变化和补偿关系。归结起来,进行了如下几个方面的工作： 1.针对轴系扭负荷状态设计了扭振激励和检测模拟试验台。设计了轴系典型扭负荷发生模拟系统和响应的检测系统。通过电涡流传感器、飞轮、齿形轮的组合,在飞轮上施加冲击负荷,在齿形轮上通过调制作用拾取扭振信号,使用脉冲时序法解调扭振信号。在齿轮上的电涡流传感器得到的信号是类正弦信号。实验表明,试验台轴系能够正确传递扭振信息。 2.建立了数据采集和处理系统。在计算机安装数据采集卡进行多通道同步数据采样。根据数据过零点的位置判断时序脉冲的起始和终止点,建立脉冲时序序列,然后把所得数据在标准数据分析处理软件中进行数据分析和处理。 3.采用不同材质的材料对飞轮进行了等冲力的冲击作用,在齿形轮上和轴承端部观察了横振和扭振作用的传输状态。 4.使用ANSYS建立了滚珠丝杠简化模型,并对其进行了静态扭振分析。
[Abstract]:Torsional vibration is a universal form of rotating mechanical motion, which has great influence on the transmission accuracy of shafting. For all kinds of machine tools, vibration is common in all fields of mechanical movement, and ball screw is the main transmission part of NC machine tool, and it is directly involved in the machining of machine tool. Its dynamic characteristics have great influence on cutting stability and machining level of machine tools. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and study the dynamic response characteristics of shafting under torsional vibration load. At the same time, the research results are of great significance to improve the machining accuracy of machine tools. In this paper, according to the torsional load state of shafting, a simulated test bed for excitation and testing of torsional vibration of shafting is established, and a method for collecting, separating and calculating the torsional vibration signals of shafting is designed. The angular displacement and compensation relation of shafting under torsional load are analyzed. To sum up, the following aspects of work were carried out: 1. A torsional vibration excitation and testing simulator is designed for shafting torsional load state. A typical torsional load generation simulation system and a response detection system are designed. Through the combination of eddy current sensor, flywheel and tooth wheel, the impulse load is applied on the flywheel, and the torsional vibration signal is picked up by modulating action on the gear, and the torsional vibration signal is demodulated by pulse timing method. The signal obtained from the eddy current sensor on the gear is a sinusoidal signal. The experimental results show that the shaft system of the test stand can transfer torsional vibration information correctly. 2. A data acquisition and processing system is established. The data acquisition card is installed on the computer for multi-channel synchronous data sampling. According to the position of the zero-crossing point, the starting and ending point of the sequential pulse is judged, and the pulse sequence is established, then the data is analyzed and processed in the standard data analysis and processing software. 3. The impingement of equal impulse on the flywheel with different materials was carried out. The transmission state of transverse and torsional vibration was observed on the gear and at the end of the bearing. 4. The simplified model of ball screw is established by ANSYS, and its static torsional vibration is analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH132

【参考文献】