电动叉车控制系统的研究与设计

发布时间：2018-10-16 19:20

【摘要】：随着电力电子技术及微处理器的发展,电动叉车越来越具有较高的研究价值和广阔的应用前景,电动叉车的设计核心是叉车的控制系统,所以对于叉车控制系统的研究是有很现实的经济和社会效益的。本课题主要是设计及实现一套可以用于设计应用的电动叉车控制系统,其设计的主要内容包括了主电路,驱动电路,控制电路。并且将直接转矩控制策略实际的应用到异步电机的控制中。主电路的设计,其核心的技术难点就在于电机的低电压大电流的特点,由于电动叉车使用的是低电压、大电流的异步电机,这就要求所采用的功率MOSFET具有很大的电流的容量且体积不能过大,所以只好采取多个管并联的方式,这样并联时的均流问题就成为必须解决的问题,本此设计中针对MOSFET的均流问题做了比较系统及全面的仿真实验,确定了影响并联均流的因素,及如何合理的选择参数来产生很好的均流效果。驱动电路的设计主要是基于IR2214驱动芯片,详细的介绍了芯片的关键技术,在MOSFET的驱动中采用的是一个驱动芯片驱动上下两个桥臂,且三个下桥臂可以共用一个电源,而上桥臂采用的是先进的自举的方式,这样就很大程度上的减少了电源的使用、节约了成本和体积。控制电路主要是基于DSP28335进行搭建,并通过仿真实验使直接转矩控制策略在低电压大电流电机上得到应用。最后,针对实验结果分析中所发现的异步电机空载低频振荡的问题进行了仿真,并且找出低频振荡的原因和影响因素及解决的方法。
[Abstract]:With the development of power electronic technology and microprocessor, electric forklift has more and more high research value and broad application prospect. The design core of electric forklift is forklift control system. Therefore, the study of forklift control system has a very realistic economic and social benefits. The main purpose of this paper is to design and implement a set of electric forklift control system which can be used in design and application. The main content of the design includes main circuit, drive circuit and control circuit. The direct torque control strategy is applied to the control of asynchronous motor. In the design of the main circuit, the key technical difficulty lies in the characteristics of low voltage and high current of the motor. Because the electric forklift car uses the asynchronous motor with low voltage and high current, This requires that the power MOSFET used has a very large current capacity and the volume can not be too large, so we have to adopt the parallel mode of multiple tubes, so the problem of current sharing in parallel connection becomes a problem that must be solved. In this design, the current sharing problem of MOSFET is compared and the overall simulation experiments are carried out, and the factors that affect the parallel current sharing are determined, and how to select the reasonable parameters to produce a good current sharing effect is also given. The design of driving circuit is mainly based on IR2214 driver chip. The key technology of the chip is introduced in detail. In the drive of MOSFET, one driver chip drives the upper and lower legs, and the three lower legs can share a power supply. The upper arm adopts the advanced bootstrap method, which greatly reduces the use of power supply and saves cost and volume. The control circuit is built mainly based on DSP28335, and the direct torque control strategy is applied to low voltage and high current motor through simulation experiment. Finally, the problems of no-load low frequency oscillation of induction motor are simulated, and the causes, influencing factors and solutions of the low frequency oscillation are found out.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：TH242;TP273

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