煤化工用离心式压缩机自动控制系统的设计与实现
发布时间：2018-10-17 08:01
【摘要】：煤炭是中国的主要化石能源,也是许多重要化工品的主要原料,随着社会经济持续、高速发展,近年来中国能源、化工品的需求也出现较高的增长速度,煤化工在中国能源、化工领域中占有重要地位。而压缩机以及其配套的控制系统在各种煤化工工艺中都占有非常重要的地位。离心式压缩机是石油化工、煤化工、冶金、长输管线以及国防等工业部门广泛使用的大型核心设备。离心式压缩机拥有输气量大、运转平稳、转速高、维修工作量少、易于实现自动化和大型化等诸多优点,但也有其本身相对的缺点,如操作的适应性差、不适用于气量较小的场合、效率较低、易发生喘振损害机组等。因此离心式压缩机组的自动控制是一个非常重要并且复杂的研究方向。为了保证压缩机能够在工艺要求的工况下安全平稳运行,必须配备一套功能完整的自控系统。包括联锁保护紧急停车系统、防喘振控制系统、调速控制系统、轴向振动及位移的指示以及状态监测分析系统等等。由于PLC具有系统构成灵活,扩展容易、速度快、可靠性高等优点,目前在煤化工行业离心式压缩机一般采用PLC作为其控制系统核心。本文在分析了离心式压缩机的工作原理、管网特性和性能曲线的基础上,对其控制系统的研究、设计,特别是机组防喘振控制策略进行了详细的阐述和分析,并以鹤岗华鹤煤化工有限公司30万吨合成氨52万吨尿素项目中合成气压缩机组控制系统的开发为背景,完成了以三重化冗余PLC、上位机和以太网为架构的分散控制系统的设计,采用Intouch10.1组态软件完成了上位机监控系统的开发,提出并实现了PI算法结合阶跃输出、可变极限流量法的防喘振控制设计方案。并通过状态监测分析系统及时准确地对机组运行中出现的故障进行诊断,并能有效的掌握设备的状态变化规律及发展趋势,防止事故于未然,消灭事故在萌芽,可以获得潜在的巨大经济效益,具备良好的应用前景。
[Abstract]:Coal is the main fossil energy in China, and it is also the main raw material of many important chemical products. With the sustained and rapid development of social economy, the demand for energy and chemical products in China has also been increasing at a relatively high speed in recent years. Chemical industry occupies an important position. The compressor and its supporting control system play a very important role in all kinds of coal chemical process. Centrifugal compressor is a large-scale core equipment widely used in petrochemical, coal chemical, metallurgical, long-distance pipeline and national defense industries. Centrifugal compressors have many advantages, such as large gas transmission, stable operation, high rotational speed, less maintenance workload, easy to realize automation and large-scale, but also have their own relative shortcomings, such as poor operational adaptability. Not suitable for small air volume, low efficiency, vulnerable to surge damage units and so on. Therefore, the automatic control of centrifugal compressor is a very important and complex research direction. In order to ensure that the compressor can operate safely and smoothly under the conditions required by the process, a complete automatic control system must be equipped. It includes interlocking protection emergency parking system, anti-surge control system, speed regulating control system, axial vibration and displacement indication, condition monitoring and analysis system and so on. Because PLC has the advantages of flexible system structure, easy expansion, high speed and high reliability, PLC is generally used as the core of control system for centrifugal compressor in coal chemical industry. On the basis of analyzing the working principle, pipe network characteristic and performance curve of centrifugal compressor, the research and design of its control system, especially the anti-surge control strategy of unit, are described and analyzed in detail in this paper. Based on the development of the control system of the syngas compressor unit in the 300000 ton synthetic ammonia 520000 ton urea project of Hegang Huaho Coal Chemical Co., Ltd., the design of the decentralized control system based on the triple redundancy PLC, upper computer and Ethernet is completed. Intouch10.1 configuration software is used to develop the monitoring system of upper computer. The anti-surge control scheme of PI algorithm combined with step output and variable limit flow method is proposed and realized. Through the condition monitoring and analysis system, the fault occurred in the operation of the unit can be diagnosed in time and accurately, and can effectively master the state change law and the development trend of the equipment, prevent the accident from happening, and eliminate the accident in the bud. Can obtain the potential huge economic benefit, has the good application prospect.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH452
，
本文编号：2276027
[Abstract]:Coal is the main fossil energy in China, and it is also the main raw material of many important chemical products. With the sustained and rapid development of social economy, the demand for energy and chemical products in China has also been increasing at a relatively high speed in recent years. Chemical industry occupies an important position. The compressor and its supporting control system play a very important role in all kinds of coal chemical process. Centrifugal compressor is a large-scale core equipment widely used in petrochemical, coal chemical, metallurgical, long-distance pipeline and national defense industries. Centrifugal compressors have many advantages, such as large gas transmission, stable operation, high rotational speed, less maintenance workload, easy to realize automation and large-scale, but also have their own relative shortcomings, such as poor operational adaptability. Not suitable for small air volume, low efficiency, vulnerable to surge damage units and so on. Therefore, the automatic control of centrifugal compressor is a very important and complex research direction. In order to ensure that the compressor can operate safely and smoothly under the conditions required by the process, a complete automatic control system must be equipped. It includes interlocking protection emergency parking system, anti-surge control system, speed regulating control system, axial vibration and displacement indication, condition monitoring and analysis system and so on. Because PLC has the advantages of flexible system structure, easy expansion, high speed and high reliability, PLC is generally used as the core of control system for centrifugal compressor in coal chemical industry. On the basis of analyzing the working principle, pipe network characteristic and performance curve of centrifugal compressor, the research and design of its control system, especially the anti-surge control strategy of unit, are described and analyzed in detail in this paper. Based on the development of the control system of the syngas compressor unit in the 300000 ton synthetic ammonia 520000 ton urea project of Hegang Huaho Coal Chemical Co., Ltd., the design of the decentralized control system based on the triple redundancy PLC, upper computer and Ethernet is completed. Intouch10.1 configuration software is used to develop the monitoring system of upper computer. The anti-surge control scheme of PI algorithm combined with step output and variable limit flow method is proposed and realized. Through the condition monitoring and analysis system, the fault occurred in the operation of the unit can be diagnosed in time and accurately, and can effectively master the state change law and the development trend of the equipment, prevent the accident from happening, and eliminate the accident in the bud. Can obtain the potential huge economic benefit, has the good application prospect.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH452
，
本文编号：2276027
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/kejilunwen/jixiegongcheng/2276027.html
