新型负载保持阀性能研究与仿真分析

发布时间：2018-10-31 07:12

【摘要】：液压平衡回路是液压控制回路中的一种基本回路，由于其重要的负载平衡、闭锁以及速度控制特性而被广泛应用于工作部件垂直运动的场合。而液压平衡阀是实现平衡回路功能的关键元件，由于传统平衡阀需要系统提供控制压力油才能实现承载下降工况，因此，系统存在控制压力高、系统功率损失严重以及速度控制困难等问题，而且在负载逐渐增大的工况（如变幅下降），若控制压力保持不变，系统易超速。故对新型负载保持阀进行研究，旨在使其性能优于传统平衡阀。本文针对以上问题，采用了理论分析和数值模拟相结合的研究方法，对新型负载保持阀进行理论计算与动态特性仿真分析，并与现有广泛应用的负载保持解决方案（螺纹插装式平衡阀）进行对比分析，以验证新型负载保持阀优良的控制特性和节能特性，主要工作如下：（1）以先导平衡阀构成的典型液压平衡回路为基础，介绍了该平衡回路承载下降工况的运行条件，，并给出基本计算公式；对平衡回路进行分工况能量损失分析，并重点对承载下降工况能耗进行理论计算，结果表明，承载下降工况时系统能耗由两部分组成：负载势能以及系统控制负载下降所消耗的能量，而且能耗较大，通过分析提出了新型负载保持阀的节能思路。（2）以现有应用广泛的负载保持解决方案（某公司螺纹插装式平衡阀）为基础，建立该阀承载下降典型工况数学模型，并搭建AMEsim仿真模型，重点分析主阀芯锥角、主阀芯弹簧刚度、导控口阻尼孔直径及负载大小对系统动态特性的影响特点及权重，为下文与新型负载保持阀进行控制特性、节能特性对比分析打下基础。（3）介绍了新型负载保持阀的工作原理及特点，对关键元件液控节流阀进行液阻网络分析，建立其结构原理图和数学模型。并按照液压元件的一般设计步骤，对该阀的关键零部件进行详细的设计计算。（4）建立新型负载保持阀的AMESim仿真模型并利用仿真手段验证了该阀功能（比例控制下降速度、基于流量再生功能的负载自重下降和液控节流阀的压力补偿功能）的可行性，能够实现承载下降速度可控，负载渐增时下降平稳。（5）在相同工况下，分析新型负载保持回路和螺纹插装式平衡回路的能耗情况；并对两个解决方案在不同负载下的控制特性和功耗特性进行对比，给出详细的功耗数据。研究结果表明：新型负载保持阀在承载下降工况时能耗小，节能效果显著。
[Abstract]:Hydraulic balancing circuit is one of the basic circuits in hydraulic control circuit. It is widely used in vertical motion of working parts due to its important load balancing, locking and speed control characteristics. The hydraulic balance valve is the key component to realize the balance circuit function. Because the traditional balance valve needs the control pressure oil to realize the load carrying down condition, therefore, the system has the high control pressure. The power loss of the system is serious and the speed control is difficult, and in the case of increasing load (such as decreasing amplitude), if the control pressure remains constant, the system is prone to overspeed. Therefore, a new type of load holding valve is studied in order to make its performance better than that of traditional balance valve. In view of the above problems, this paper adopts the research method of combining theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, carries on the theoretical calculation and the dynamic characteristic simulation analysis to the new load holding valve. In order to verify the excellent control and energy saving characteristics of the new type of load holding valve, it is compared with the widely used load holding solution (threaded insert balance valve). The main work is as follows: (1) based on the typical hydraulic balancing circuit composed of pilot balance valve, the operating conditions of the load and drop condition of the balancing circuit are introduced, and the basic calculation formulas are given. The energy loss analysis of the balance loop is carried out under different working conditions, and the theoretical calculation of the energy consumption under the load drop condition is carried out. The results show that, The energy consumption of the system is composed of two parts: the potential energy of the load and the energy consumed by the system to control the drop of the load, and the energy consumption is large. Through the analysis of the new type of load holding valve, the idea of saving energy is put forward. (2) on the basis of the widely used load maintenance solution (a company's threaded insert balance valve), the mathematical model of the valve's load-bearing and descending typical working condition is established, and the AMEsim simulation model is built to analyze the cone angle of the main valve core. The influence of the spring stiffness of the main valve core, the diameter of the damping hole and the load size of the main valve core on the dynamic characteristics of the system and its weight, which lays the foundation for the comparison and analysis of the control characteristics and the energy-saving characteristics between the main valve and the new type of load holding valve. (3) the working principle and characteristics of the new type of load holding valve are introduced. The hydraulic resistance network of the key component hydraulic throttle valve is analyzed, and its structure schematic diagram and mathematical model are established. According to the general design steps of hydraulic components, the key parts of the valve are designed and calculated in detail. (4) the AMESim simulation model of a new type of load holding valve is established, and the feasibility of the valve function (proportional control of descent speed, load deadweight drop based on flow regeneration function and pressure compensation function of hydraulic throttle valve) is verified by simulation. The speed of load drop can be controlled, and the load decreases steadily as the load increases. (5) under the same working condition, the energy consumption of the new load holding loop and the threaded plug balance loop are analyzed, and the control characteristics and power consumption characteristics of the two solutions under different loads are compared, and the detailed power consumption data are given. The results show that the energy consumption of the new load holding valve is low and the energy saving effect is remarkable.
【学位授予单位】：太原科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH137.52

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