高速动静压止推轴承的设计方法研究及仿真

发布时间：2018-11-06 08:58

【摘要】：随着科技的高速进步，涡轮增压器已经在汽车、船舶等领域中得到了广泛的应用。滑动轴承作为涡轮增压器转子系统关键零部件之一，已经成为提高涡轮增压器效率、减少燃油消耗、提高运行可靠性的一个非常重要的制约影响因素。由于整个涡轮增压器工作于高速、高温等复杂的运行工况以及恶劣的运行环境，高速动静压止推轴承凭借其良好的结构和性能，成为了船用涡轮增压器滑动轴承合适的选择。考虑到目前国内还没有形成一个较为完善的船用涡轮增压器高速动静压止推轴承的设计规范。论文将某个型号的船用涡轮增压器高速动静压止推轴承作为具体研究对象，开展了动静压止推轴承相关的总体设计方法研究及其仿真分析，为动静压止推轴承的设计提供了一定的技术支撑。首先，对动压轴承、静压轴承以及动静压轴承的基本原理、基本结构等进行了研究和分析，结合动压为主、静压为辅的实际工作情况，提出了动静压轴承设计的主要方面，包括设计的轴承表面可产生动压效应以及一个具有恒定压力进口压强的压强输入设置。其次，参考低速止推轴承的设计流程和设计规范，在理论分析的角度上，，建立了一种高速动压止推轴承的基本设计流程，包括高速动压止推轴承的结构形式、材料、润滑油等的选取以及其结构参数和承载能力的计算。再次，根据理论分析设计出的高速动压止推轴承的结构，简化得到油膜三维模型。利用Gambit对油膜三维模型进行前处理，进入Fluent中进行求解，并进行静特性结果分析。将其中完全端泄条件下的油膜模型的动压效应的数值模拟仿真结果与动压止推轴承理论分析所得的结果进行对比，忽略一些客观因素的影响，可以证明本文建立的油膜模型的可行性。在此基础上，考虑静压效应的影响，从而实现了动静压止推轴承油膜的仿真和分析。在两种不同条件下，通过仿真分析的方式证明了高速动静止推压轴承的动静压混合效应是由动压效应和静压效应耦合而成，其动压效应和静压效应是相互影响的。最后，通过仿真不同轴承结构条件下的简化油膜模型，将得到的油膜的平均压强、摩擦功耗、摩擦系数、体积流率、最高温度等指标进行对比，综合考虑这几项指标，从而可以进一步实现对高速动静压止推轴承基本结构的研究和优化设计。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of science and technology, turbocharger has been widely used in automobile, ship and other fields. As one of the key parts of turbocharger rotor system, sliding bearing has become a very important restricting factor to improve turbocharger efficiency, reduce fuel consumption and improve operational reliability. Because the whole turbocharger works at high speed, high temperature and other complex operating conditions and bad operating environment, high speed hydrostatic thrust bearing has become the suitable choice for marine turbocharger sliding bearing because of its good structure and performance. Considering that there is not a perfect design code for high speed hydrostatic thrust bearings of marine turbocharger in China. In this paper, a certain type of high-speed hydrostatic thrust bearing of marine turbocharger is taken as the specific research object, and the overall design method and simulation analysis of the hydrostatic thrust bearing are carried out. It provides certain technical support for the design of static and static thrust bearing. First of all, the basic principle and structure of hydrodynamic bearing, hydrostatic bearing and hydrostatic bearing are studied and analyzed. Combined with the actual working conditions of hydrodynamic bearing, hydrostatic bearing and hydrostatic bearing, the main aspects of the design of hydrostatic bearing are put forward. The designed bearing surface can produce dynamic pressure effect and a pressure input setting with constant pressure inlet pressure. Secondly, referring to the design flow and design specification of low-speed thrust bearing, a basic design flow of high-speed dynamic thrust bearing is established from the angle of theoretical analysis, including the structure form and material of high-speed dynamic thrust bearing. Selection of lubricating oil and calculation of its structural parameters and bearing capacity. Thirdly, the structure of high speed hydrodynamic thrust bearing is designed according to theoretical analysis, and the three dimensional model of oil film is simplified. The three-dimensional model of oil film was preprocessed by Gambit and solved in Fluent, and the static characteristics of the model were analyzed. The numerical simulation results of the dynamic pressure effect of the oil film model under the condition of complete end discharge are compared with the results obtained from the theoretical analysis of the hydrodynamic thrust bearing, and some objective factors are ignored. The feasibility of the oil film model established in this paper can be proved. On this basis, considering the influence of static pressure effect, the simulation and analysis of oil film of static and static thrust bearing are realized. Under two different conditions, it is proved by simulation analysis that the mixing effect of dynamic and static pressure of high speed static thrust bearing is formed by coupling of dynamic pressure effect and static pressure effect, and its dynamic pressure effect and static pressure effect are mutual influence. Finally, by simulating the simplified oil film model under different bearing structure conditions, the average pressure, friction power consumption, friction coefficient, volume flow rate and maximum temperature of the obtained oil film are compared, and these indexes are considered synthetically. Thus, the basic structure of high speed hydrostatic thrust bearing can be studied and optimized.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TH133.3

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