红柳抗风沙冲蚀机理及其仿生应用
发布时间：2018-11-22 06:10
【摘要】：磨损是引起机械零件失效的主要原因之一。在我国机械行业内，80%的零部件由于磨损而导致失效，形成磨损所消耗的能源约占总能源的三分之一。在所有类型磨损中，冲蚀磨损是引人注目的一个分支，它不仅浪费了巨大能源，而且消耗了大量材料，导致设备的运转效率急剧下降、使用寿命严重缩短，给人们的生产生活带来了极大的影响。因此，提高材料的抗冲蚀性能已成为当前亟需解决的重要课题。 生物在长期的进化过程中形成了一些特殊的功能，借鉴和模仿这些特殊功能，可有效解决许多重大技术难题。因此，本文从仿生学角度出发，寻求提高机械零部件抗冲蚀性能的方法。 本文选取典型沙漠生物──红柳作为生物原型，对其物候期以及生长过程中花、枝、叶的形态特征进行观察，发现红柳体表具有优良的抗风沙特性。利用体视显微镜对活体红柳的体表形态进行分析，结果发现红柳体表的特殊形态能有效降低风沙冲蚀对机体的损伤，提高其抗冲蚀性能。通过对这些形态的类比模拟，建立了四种表面仿生模型：方形槽表面仿生模型、V形槽表面仿生模型、弧形槽表面仿生模型和凸包表面仿生模型。 为了进一步研究红柳的抗冲蚀性能，本文从生物材料学的角度对红柳树皮和垂柳树皮分别进行了顺纹拉伸试验，结果表明红柳树皮为脆性材料，垂柳树皮为塑性材料，且红柳树皮的弹性模量大于垂柳树皮的弹性模量。利用冲蚀磨损试验机对红柳树皮和垂柳树皮分别进行冲蚀试验，结果表明垂柳树皮冲蚀磨损量的最大值为61.0mg，最小值为24.1mg，，而红柳树皮的最大冲蚀磨损量仅为21.6mg。通过对顺纹拉伸试验结果和冲蚀磨损试验结果的分析，证明了红柳具有较优的抗冲蚀性能，并从不同的角度阐述了红柳的抗冲蚀机理。 利用Fluent软件，对光滑试样和凹槽试样在30°、60°、90°冲击角下的冲蚀磨损状况分别进行了数值模拟，并进行与之对应的验证性试验，结果表明两者相对冲蚀率随冲击角度变化而变化的趋势基本一致，数值模拟过程中所使用的计算方法和冲蚀模型准确。采用该方法和模型分别对方形槽表面仿生模型、V形槽表面仿生模型、弧形槽表面仿生模型和凸包表面仿生模型的冲蚀磨损状况进行了数值模拟，结果表明四种表面仿生模型的抗冲蚀性能依次为：V形槽表面仿生模型弧形槽表面仿生模型方形槽表面仿生模型凸包表面仿生模型。 根据离心风机叶片磨损的部位，结合表面仿生模型数值模拟的结果，本文设计了三种形态的仿生叶片：方形槽表面仿生叶片、V形槽表面仿生叶片和弧形槽表面仿生叶片。采用试验优化设计理论，对本文的试验方案进行编排；利用改制的离心风机冲蚀磨损试验系统对仿生叶片的抗冲蚀性能进行试验研究。极差分析结果表明，影响仿生叶片冲蚀磨损量的主次因素依次为：单元形态(A)、间距(C)、特征尺寸(B)；仿生叶片的最佳设计参数为：V形槽单元形态、特征尺寸为4mm、间距为2mm。与光滑叶片相比，最优组合的仿生叶片能有效提高叶片的抗冲蚀性能，其抗冲蚀性能提高了28.97㳠。
[Abstract]:Wear is one of the main causes of the failure of mechanical parts. In China's machinery industry, 80% of the spare parts have failed due to wear, and the energy consumed by the formation of wear is about one-third of the total energy. In all types of wear, the erosion wear is a significant branch, which not only wastes huge energy, but also consumes a large amount of materials, resulting in a sharp drop in the operation efficiency of the equipment, a severe shortening of the service life and a great influence on the production life of people. Therefore, it is an important task to improve the erosion resistance of the material. In the course of long-term evolution, the organism has formed some special functions, which can be used for reference and imitation of these special functions, and many important technologies can be effectively solved Therefore, from the angle of bionics, this paper seeks to improve the erosion resistance of mechanical parts. Methods: The morphological characteristics of the flowers, branches and leaves during the phenological period and the growth process were observed, and the body surface of the red willow was found to be excellent. The body surface morphology of the red willow in the living body was analyzed by the stereomicroscope. The results showed that the special morphology of the body surface of the red willow can effectively reduce the damage of the sand and the erosion to the body, In this paper, the bionic model of the surface of the square groove, the bionic model of the surface of the V-shaped groove, the bionic model of the surface of the arc-shaped groove and the convex hull are established by the analog simulation of these shapes. In order to further study the anti-erosion performance of the red willow, the paper studies the anti-erosion performance of the red willow bark and the weeping willow bark from the angle of the biological material science. The results show that the bark of the red willow is a brittle material and the vertical willow bark is a brittle material. The willow bark is a plastic material, and the elastic modulus of the red willow bark is greater than the vertical. The elastic modulus of the willow bark is studied. The erosion test is carried out on the bark of the willow bark and the bark of the weeping willow. The results show that the maximum value of the erosion amount of the bark of the weeping willow bark is 61. 0mg, the minimum value is 24.1mg, while the maximum erosion amount of the bark of the red willow bark Based on the analysis of the results of the tensile test and the erosion wear test, it is proved that the red willow has superior erosion resistance, and it is expounded from different angles. The anti-erosion mechanism of the red willow is simulated with Fluent software, and the erosion and wear conditions at 30 掳, 60 掳 and 90 掳 impact angle are simulated by Fluent software, and the corresponding verification test is carried out. The results show that the relative erosion rate of the two samples will change with the impact angle. The trend of the change is basically the same, and the numerical simulation is used in the process of numerical simulation. The calculation method and the erosion model are accurate. The method and the model are used to simulate the surface bionic model, the surface bionic model of the V-shaped groove, the bionic model of the surface of the arc-shaped groove and the surface bionic model of the convex hull, and the results show that the four kinds of surface bionics The erosion resistance of the model is: the bionic model of the surface of the V-shaped groove, the surface of the square groove of the bionic model on the surface of the bionic model, According to the results of the numerical simulation of the surface bionics model, three kinds of bionic blades are designed according to the part of the blade wear of the centrifugal fan and the results of the numerical simulation of the surface bionics model. The surface of the bionics vane and the V-shaped groove on the surface of the square groove are designed. The bionic blade and the surface bionic blade of the arc-shaped groove are simulated by using the experimental optimization design theory, and the experimental scheme of this paper is made up by using the experimental optimization design theory, and the bionic vane and the surface bionic blade of the arc-shaped groove are arranged, and the bionic vane and the surface bionic blade of the arc-shaped groove are used for arranging the bionic blade and the modified centrifugal fan erosion wear test system. The test of the erosion resistance of the blade is carried out. The results of the range analysis show that the primary and secondary factors that affect the erosion wear of the bionic blade are: the unit form (A), the distance (C) and the feature size (B); the optimal design parameters of the bionic blade are: the shape of the V-shaped groove unit, and Compared with the smooth blade, the optimal combined bionic blade can effectively improve the erosion resistance of the blade,
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH117.1;Q811
本文编号：2348318
[Abstract]:Wear is one of the main causes of the failure of mechanical parts. In China's machinery industry, 80% of the spare parts have failed due to wear, and the energy consumed by the formation of wear is about one-third of the total energy. In all types of wear, the erosion wear is a significant branch, which not only wastes huge energy, but also consumes a large amount of materials, resulting in a sharp drop in the operation efficiency of the equipment, a severe shortening of the service life and a great influence on the production life of people. Therefore, it is an important task to improve the erosion resistance of the material. In the course of long-term evolution, the organism has formed some special functions, which can be used for reference and imitation of these special functions, and many important technologies can be effectively solved Therefore, from the angle of bionics, this paper seeks to improve the erosion resistance of mechanical parts. Methods: The morphological characteristics of the flowers, branches and leaves during the phenological period and the growth process were observed, and the body surface of the red willow was found to be excellent. The body surface morphology of the red willow in the living body was analyzed by the stereomicroscope. The results showed that the special morphology of the body surface of the red willow can effectively reduce the damage of the sand and the erosion to the body, In this paper, the bionic model of the surface of the square groove, the bionic model of the surface of the V-shaped groove, the bionic model of the surface of the arc-shaped groove and the convex hull are established by the analog simulation of these shapes. In order to further study the anti-erosion performance of the red willow, the paper studies the anti-erosion performance of the red willow bark and the weeping willow bark from the angle of the biological material science. The results show that the bark of the red willow is a brittle material and the vertical willow bark is a brittle material. The willow bark is a plastic material, and the elastic modulus of the red willow bark is greater than the vertical. The elastic modulus of the willow bark is studied. The erosion test is carried out on the bark of the willow bark and the bark of the weeping willow. The results show that the maximum value of the erosion amount of the bark of the weeping willow bark is 61. 0mg, the minimum value is 24.1mg, while the maximum erosion amount of the bark of the red willow bark Based on the analysis of the results of the tensile test and the erosion wear test, it is proved that the red willow has superior erosion resistance, and it is expounded from different angles. The anti-erosion mechanism of the red willow is simulated with Fluent software, and the erosion and wear conditions at 30 掳, 60 掳 and 90 掳 impact angle are simulated by Fluent software, and the corresponding verification test is carried out. The results show that the relative erosion rate of the two samples will change with the impact angle. The trend of the change is basically the same, and the numerical simulation is used in the process of numerical simulation. The calculation method and the erosion model are accurate. The method and the model are used to simulate the surface bionic model, the surface bionic model of the V-shaped groove, the bionic model of the surface of the arc-shaped groove and the surface bionic model of the convex hull, and the results show that the four kinds of surface bionics The erosion resistance of the model is: the bionic model of the surface of the V-shaped groove, the surface of the square groove of the bionic model on the surface of the bionic model, According to the results of the numerical simulation of the surface bionics model, three kinds of bionic blades are designed according to the part of the blade wear of the centrifugal fan and the results of the numerical simulation of the surface bionics model. The surface of the bionics vane and the V-shaped groove on the surface of the square groove are designed. The bionic blade and the surface bionic blade of the arc-shaped groove are simulated by using the experimental optimization design theory, and the experimental scheme of this paper is made up by using the experimental optimization design theory, and the bionic vane and the surface bionic blade of the arc-shaped groove are arranged, and the bionic vane and the surface bionic blade of the arc-shaped groove are used for arranging the bionic blade and the modified centrifugal fan erosion wear test system. The test of the erosion resistance of the blade is carried out. The results of the range analysis show that the primary and secondary factors that affect the erosion wear of the bionic blade are: the unit form (A), the distance (C) and the feature size (B); the optimal design parameters of the bionic blade are: the shape of the V-shaped groove unit, and Compared with the smooth blade, the optimal combined bionic blade can effectively improve the erosion resistance of the blade,
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH117.1;Q811
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