高速电主轴热态性能分析与实验研究
发布时间：2018-11-26 18:56
【摘要】：随着现代高速加工技术的发展,高速电主轴技术得到了广泛应用。作为高速加工机床的核心部件的高速电主轴,实现了加工机床的“零传动”,简化了其结构,且提高了其响应速度,但由于电主轴系统产热量大,进而会引起电主轴的稳定性问题。轴承的摩擦发热和内置电机的电磁损耗发热会引起主轴的热变形,从而会降低机床的加工精度,也会影响高速电主轴转速的提高。与普通电机相比,高速电主轴的热特性有着更复杂的动力学及不稳定性。为有效分析电主轴的热态性能,本文选用最高转速为60000r/min的磨削类高速电主轴,运用有限元法对其热态性能进行了深入分析,并开展了温升实验研究。主要做了以下工作: ①介绍了电主轴基本的结构特点以及工作原理,并对电主轴系统的关键技术进行了分析,包括与热性能分析相关的支承技术、润滑技术和冷却技术,以及控制角度的主轴驱动技术。 ②分别计算了主轴轴承摩擦功率损耗和内置电机的电磁损耗,分析了整个电主轴系统的传热及散热规律,另外确定了电主轴的热边界条件,理论上分析了各因素对电主轴系统热态性能的影响规律。 ③介绍了传热学经典理论和ANSYS热分析的基本知识及基本步骤,建立了高速电主轴的有限元模型,并对之进行求解;得到了电主轴热平衡状态下温度场分布情况和电主轴热态性能的变化规律。 ④为了验证前面章节分析得到的结论,开展了电主轴的相关温升实验。介绍了实验测试装置和测试方法;详细叙述了实验测试过程和有关的注意事项;分析了所获得的实验测试数据;最后提出了一些改善高速电主轴热态性能的方法,从而为电主轴的结构设计、参数优化和动力学分析提供参考依据。
[Abstract]:With the development of modern high-speed machining technology, high-speed motorized spindle technology has been widely used. As the core component of high speed machining machine tool, the high speed motorized spindle realizes the "zero drive" of the machine tool, simplifies its structure and improves its response speed, but because of the large heat output of the motorized spindle system, Furthermore, the stability of the motorized spindle will be caused. The friction heat of bearing and the heat of electromagnetic loss of built-in motor will cause the thermal deformation of spindle, which will reduce the machining accuracy of machine tool, and will also affect the increase of speed of high-speed motorized spindle. Compared with ordinary motors, the thermal characteristics of high speed motorized spindle have more complex dynamics and instability. In order to effectively analyze the thermal performance of the motorized spindle, this paper selects the grinding high speed motorized spindle with the highest rotational speed of 60000r/min, and uses the finite element method to deeply analyze the thermal performance of the motorized spindle, and carries out the experimental research on the temperature rise. The main works are as follows: 1 the basic structural characteristics and working principle of the motorized spindle are introduced, and the key technologies of the motorized spindle system are analyzed, including the supporting technology, lubrication technology and cooling technology related to the thermal performance analysis. And the spindle drive technology of controlling angle. (2) the friction power loss of spindle bearing and the electromagnetic loss of built-in motor are calculated respectively, the heat transfer and heat dissipation law of the whole motorized spindle system are analyzed, and the thermal boundary conditions of the motorized spindle are determined. The influence of various factors on the thermal performance of motorized spindle system is analyzed theoretically. 3. The classical theory of heat transfer and the basic knowledge and steps of ANSYS thermal analysis are introduced. The finite element model of high speed motorized spindle is established and solved. The distribution of the temperature field and the variation of the thermal performance of the motorized spindle under the thermal equilibrium state are obtained. In order to verify the conclusions obtained in the previous chapter, the related temperature rise experiment of motorized spindle was carried out. This paper introduces the experimental testing device and test method, describes the process of experimental test and the relevant matters needing attention in detail, and analyzes the experimental test data obtained. Finally, some methods to improve the thermal performance of high speed motorized spindle are put forward, which can provide a reference for the structural design, parameter optimization and dynamic analysis of the motorized spindle.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：TH133.2
[Abstract]:With the development of modern high-speed machining technology, high-speed motorized spindle technology has been widely used. As the core component of high speed machining machine tool, the high speed motorized spindle realizes the "zero drive" of the machine tool, simplifies its structure and improves its response speed, but because of the large heat output of the motorized spindle system, Furthermore, the stability of the motorized spindle will be caused. The friction heat of bearing and the heat of electromagnetic loss of built-in motor will cause the thermal deformation of spindle, which will reduce the machining accuracy of machine tool, and will also affect the increase of speed of high-speed motorized spindle. Compared with ordinary motors, the thermal characteristics of high speed motorized spindle have more complex dynamics and instability. In order to effectively analyze the thermal performance of the motorized spindle, this paper selects the grinding high speed motorized spindle with the highest rotational speed of 60000r/min, and uses the finite element method to deeply analyze the thermal performance of the motorized spindle, and carries out the experimental research on the temperature rise. The main works are as follows: 1 the basic structural characteristics and working principle of the motorized spindle are introduced, and the key technologies of the motorized spindle system are analyzed, including the supporting technology, lubrication technology and cooling technology related to the thermal performance analysis. And the spindle drive technology of controlling angle. (2) the friction power loss of spindle bearing and the electromagnetic loss of built-in motor are calculated respectively, the heat transfer and heat dissipation law of the whole motorized spindle system are analyzed, and the thermal boundary conditions of the motorized spindle are determined. The influence of various factors on the thermal performance of motorized spindle system is analyzed theoretically. 3. The classical theory of heat transfer and the basic knowledge and steps of ANSYS thermal analysis are introduced. The finite element model of high speed motorized spindle is established and solved. The distribution of the temperature field and the variation of the thermal performance of the motorized spindle under the thermal equilibrium state are obtained. In order to verify the conclusions obtained in the previous chapter, the related temperature rise experiment of motorized spindle was carried out. This paper introduces the experimental testing device and test method, describes the process of experimental test and the relevant matters needing attention in detail, and analyzes the experimental test data obtained. Finally, some methods to improve the thermal performance of high speed motorized spindle are put forward, which can provide a reference for the structural design, parameter optimization and dynamic analysis of the motorized spindle.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：TH133.2
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