轴承静态特性试验及试验台改进设计

发布时间：2018-12-16 16:09

【摘要】：随着科学技术的发展,高档数控机床的性能不断提高。滚动轴承作为高档数控机床进给系统广泛采用的一种支承部件,其静态刚度是系统的薄弱环节,直接影响着机床整体的动、静力学性能,因此研究角接触球轴承的静态刚度具有十分重要的意义。因此,为了满足高档数控机床研制的需要,进行轴承的静态刚度的研究十分必要。本文对接触角为60°的角接触球轴承的静态刚度进行了研究。本文首先介绍了角接触球轴承的基本结构特点,分析了轴承在分别承受轴向、径向和联合载荷下载荷与位移的关系,并分别建立了轴承轴向和径向静态刚度的测试模型,并给出计算公式。为探究轴承静态刚度的变化规律,获取真实有效的基础数据,基于轴承静态刚度测试模型与测试原理,在原有试验台上,搭建了轴承静态特性参数测试系统,用于测试不同规格的轴承静态参数,分析了轴承的接触角、安装方式、尺寸大小和所受外载荷的大小等影响因素对轴承静态特性参数的影响。试验测试了5组轴承,进行了800余次静态试验,获得了400余组数据,通过数据处理,得出了轴承在受到不同轴向力和径向力的情况下,轴承相应的变形规律和刚度变化规律,并分析了原因。对原有轴承动态特性参数试验台进行了改进设计。改进后的试验台主要考虑了转速及轴向载荷与径向载荷对轴承动态特性的影响,能对不同型号轴承进行试验,具有结构简单、通用性强等特点,并搭建了改进后的轴承动态特性参数测试系统。
[Abstract]:With the development of science and technology, the performance of high-grade NC machine tools is improving. As a kind of supporting part widely used in advanced NC machine tool feed system, the static stiffness of rolling bearing is the weak link of the system, which directly affects the dynamic and static performance of the whole machine tool. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the static stiffness of angular contact ball bearings. Therefore, it is necessary to study the static stiffness of bearings in order to meet the needs of the development of high-grade NC machine tools. The static stiffness of angular contact ball bearing with contact angle of 60 掳is studied in this paper. This paper first introduces the basic structural characteristics of angular contact ball bearings, analyzes the relationship between loading load and displacement of bearings under axial, radial and combined loads respectively, and establishes the test models of axial and radial static stiffness of bearings, respectively. The calculation formula is given. In order to investigate the change rule of bearing static stiffness and obtain real and effective basic data, based on the testing model and principle of bearing static stiffness, a testing system of bearing static characteristic parameters was built on the original test bed. This paper is used to test the static parameters of bearings of different specifications, and analyzes the influence factors such as contact angle, installation mode, dimension size and the size of external load on the static characteristic parameters of bearings. Five groups of bearings were tested, more than 800 static tests were carried out, and more than 400 sets of data were obtained. Through data processing, the corresponding deformation and stiffness of bearing were obtained under different axial and radial forces. The reasons are analyzed. The original bearing dynamic characteristic parameter test bed is improved and designed. The improved test bed mainly considers the influence of rotational speed, axial load and radial load on the dynamic characteristics of bearing. It can be used to test different types of bearings, and has the characteristics of simple structure and strong versatility. An improved testing system for bearing dynamic characteristic parameters is also built.
【学位授予单位】：南京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TG659;TH133.3

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