液体动静压轴承承载特性的分析与实验研究

发布时间：2019-01-14 11:14

【摘要】：现代工业的发展对高速重载和稳定性提出了越来越高的要求,动静压轴承也因其特有的性能得到了越来越广泛的应用。动静压轴承综合了静压轴承和动压轴承的优点,即在低速和高速时都具有较好的承载能力和动态性能,有较宽的速度范围和无摩擦工作区域,较高的位置精度和旋转精度,有较好的稳定性等一系列优点。它在结构上同时实现了两种轴承的功效,相互弥补不足。在工业领域特别是精密机床行业具有广阔的应用前景。本文首先介绍了动静压轴承的理论知识和计算流体力学的数值理论,然后对动静压轴承节流器的工作原理和结构性能进行数值分析,以此为基础,着重分析了动静压轴承承载性能与各参数之间的关系,对结构参数、润滑介质以及节流器的各参数对动静压轴承承载特性的影响做了深入的分析。其次,在动静压轴承特性分析上主要从轴承结构和节流器结构入手,以计算流体力学理论为基础,以四油腔对置浅腔动静压轴承为主要研究对象,并以FLUENT6.3为工具,主要研究了节流器结构、轴承供油压力、主轴转速、宽径比、偏心率等参数对轴承油膜的承载特性、压力分布、偏位角、油膜刚度等相关参数的影响。通过对比不同参数下得出的汕膜承载特性曲线,提出相应的提高油膜承载能力的措施,提高了数值模拟在动静滑动轴承设计计算中的可靠性,为全而研究油膜轴承的动静态特性和润滑介质的流动情况提供了有效的手段。
[Abstract]:With the development of modern industry, the requirements of high speed, heavy load and stability are becoming higher and higher, and the hydrostatic bearing is more and more widely used because of its special performance. The hydrostatic bearing combines the advantages of the hydrostatic bearing and the hydrodynamic bearing, that is, it has better bearing capacity and dynamic performance at low speed and high speed, wider speed range and friction free working area, higher position accuracy and rotation accuracy. It has a series of advantages such as good stability and so on. It realizes the function of the two kinds of bearings at the same time in the structure, and makes up for each other's deficiency. In the industrial field, especially in the precision machine industry has a broad application prospects. This paper first introduces the theoretical knowledge of the hydrostatic bearing and the numerical theory of computational fluid dynamics, and then carries on the numerical analysis to the working principle and the structure performance of the throttle of the hydrostatic bearing. The relationship between bearing performance and parameters is analyzed, and the influence of structural parameters, lubricating medium and throttle parameters on bearing performance is analyzed. Secondly, based on the theory of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the characteristic analysis of hydrostatic bearing is mainly based on the structure of bearing and the structure of throttle. The main research object is four oil cavity opposite shallow cavity static and static bearing, and FLUENT6.3 is used as the tool. The effects of throttle structure, bearing oil supply pressure, spindle speed, width to diameter ratio and eccentricity on bearing oil film load characteristics, pressure distribution, offset angle, oil film stiffness and so on are studied. By comparing the load bearing characteristic curves of Shantou membrane with different parameters, the corresponding measures to improve the bearing capacity of oil film are put forward, and the reliability of numerical simulation in the design and calculation of static and dynamic sliding bearings is improved. It provides an effective means to study the dynamic and static characteristics of oil film bearing and the flow of lubricating medium.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH133.3

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