装船机结构振动噪声分析及控制技术研究

发布时间：2019-01-24 12:10

【摘要】：目前，对于装船机这种大型港口设备的研究主要集中在静力结构和强度方面，对其进行动态特性以及振动噪声的仿真分析和噪声控制的研究比较少见。而在装船机的使用过程中，由于机载传动系统引起的结构振动与噪声，严重地影响了设备的使用性能。某大型港口装船机卷扬机房结构振动与噪声则是现场存在的重要问题之一，，因此对结构振动噪声仿真和控制技术进行研究具有重要的理论和实际意义。本文通过有限元法与边界元方法在商用软件平台的基础上，建立了SL6装船机卷扬机房声固耦合模型以及有限元—边界元振动噪声耦合模型，在低频振动噪声的预测、分析和控制方面做了比较系统的研究。首先，对装船机的卷扬机房结构及振动特性进行了理论与实验研究，在试验研究的基础上，分析了机房振源的频率特性，及结构振动与噪声的关系，推导了理想介质中小振幅声波的三维波动方程，为声固耦合分析奠定了理论基础。其次，采用有限元方法建立了SL6装船机卷扬机房有限元模型，空腔模型以及声-结构耦合模型，可实现对卷扬机房非声固耦合和声固耦合模态分析及外界激励下的动态响应分析，得出卷扬机房内的声场分布；此外还研究了机房壁板厚度、系统粘性阻尼系数以及壁板的吸声系数等参数的变化对卷扬机房动态特性和内部声场的影响。再次，在对卷扬机房声学边界元建模的基础上，引入有限元和边界元联合仿真的新方法，并引入面板声学贡献度的概念，计算了各壁板振动状态下对室内噪声的贡献度。在前面章节计算的基础上，对卷扬机房进行了阻尼材料和吸声处理，并对其结构进行了一定的修改，取得了一定的降噪效果，为工程实际中的振动和噪声控制提供了一定的参考。
[Abstract]:At present, the research of large port equipment such as loading machine is mainly focused on static structure and strength. It is rare to study its dynamic characteristics, simulation analysis of vibration and noise control. In the process of loading, the structural vibration and noise caused by the airborne transmission system seriously affect the performance of the equipment. The structural vibration and noise of a large port ship loader hoist is one of the important problems in the field, so it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the simulation and control technology of structural vibration and noise. In this paper, based on the commercial software platform, the finite element method and the boundary element method are used to establish the acoustic solid coupling model of SL6 ship loader hoist room and the finite element boundary element vibration noise coupling model to predict the low frequency vibration noise. Systematic research on analysis and control has been done. First of all, the structure and vibration characteristics of the hoist are studied theoretically and experimentally. On the basis of the experimental study, the frequency characteristics of the vibration source and the relationship between the structure vibration and the noise are analyzed. The three-dimensional wave equation of small amplitude acoustic wave in ideal medium is derived, which lays a theoretical foundation for the analysis of acousto-solid coupling. Secondly, the finite element model, cavity model and acousto-structure coupling model of SL6 ship loader hoist are established by using finite element method. The modal analysis of non-acousto-solid coupling and acousto-solid coupling of winch room and the dynamic response analysis under external excitation can be realized, and the sound field distribution in hoist room can be obtained. In addition, the influence of the thickness of the wall plate, the viscous damping coefficient of the system and the sound absorption coefficient of the wall plate on the dynamic characteristics and the internal sound field of the hoist are studied. Thirdly, on the basis of modeling the acoustic boundary element of the hoist room, a new method of finite element and boundary element joint simulation is introduced, and the concept of panel acoustic contribution is introduced to calculate the contribution to indoor noise under the vibration state of each panel. On the basis of the calculation in the previous chapters, the damping material and sound absorption of the hoist room are processed, and the structure of the hoist is modified to a certain extent, and the noise reduction effect is achieved. It provides a certain reference for vibration and noise control in engineering practice.
【学位授予单位】：燕山大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH113.1

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