动臂变幅塔式起重机结构分析与设计

发布时间：2019-01-24 17:42

【摘要】：动臂变幅塔式起重机（简称动臂塔机）是由众多梁杆组成的复杂系统，金属结构约占整机自重的70%左右，金属结构设计是否合理将直接影响起重机的工作性能。目前，我国动臂塔机的设计理论尚未形成体系，仍多以经验设计为主，为全面提高自主设计能力，就必须进行设计理论方面的研究。本文以大吨位动臂塔机为例，对主要结构部件进行了力学分析，建立了塔机力学模型。采用极限状态设计法对塔机各部分结构进行初步设计，并依据《起重机设计规范》（GB/T38112008）以及《塔式起重机设计规范》（GB/T13752-92），，对设计完成结构的强度、刚度和稳定性进行了初步校核。并利用有限元理论与方法建立了计算模型，分析了实际工作中载荷组合和工况，确定了不同仰角下的四种工况，并对上述四种工况进行了计算，计算结果与初步设计结果进行了比较，表明设计合理。另外，本文还利用ANSYS软件的优化设计模块对塔机臂架进行了优化设计，给出了优化方案。在保证塔机臂架结构承载能力的前提下，有效降低了臂架结构自重。为动臂塔机的整机优化提供了优化方法。综上述，本文以大吨位动臂塔机为例，完成了塔机主要结构部件的力学建模，利用极限状态设计法和有限元法，进行了结构的强度、刚度和稳定性计算，对塔机臂架进行了优化设计。设计理论和计算方法适用于一般塔机的设计。
[Abstract]:Jib tower crane is a complex system composed of many beams and rods. The metal structure accounts for about 70% of the weight of the crane. Whether the design of metal structure is reasonable or not will directly affect the performance of the crane. At present, the design theory of the mobile arm tower crane in our country has not yet formed a system, and it is still mainly based on the experience design. In order to improve the capability of independent design in an all-round way, it is necessary to carry out the research on the design theory. Taking the tower crane with large tonnage arm as an example, the mechanical analysis of the main structural components is carried out and the mechanical model of the tower crane is established in this paper. According to GB/T38112008 (Crane Design Code) and GB/T13752-92 (Tower Crane Design Code), the design strength of the tower crane structure is studied by using the limit state design method. Stiffness and stability were preliminarily checked. The calculation model is established by using finite element theory and method, the load combination and working condition are analyzed in practice, four working conditions under different elevation angles are determined, and the above four working conditions are calculated. The calculation results are compared with the preliminary design results and the results show that the design is reasonable. In addition, the optimization design module of ANSYS software is used to optimize the boom of tower crane, and the optimization scheme is given. Under the premise of ensuring the carrying capacity of the boom structure of the tower crane, the deadweight of the boom structure is reduced effectively. The optimization method is provided for the optimization of moving arm tower crane. Taking the large-tonnage movable arm tower crane as an example, the mechanical modeling of the main structural components of the tower crane is completed in this paper. The strength, stiffness and stability of the structure are calculated by using the limit state design method and the finite element method. The optimization design of tower crane boom is carried out. Design theory and calculation method are suitable for general tower crane design.
【学位授予单位】：河北工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TH213.3

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