基于CFD的船用离心泵叶轮抗汽蚀优化设计

发布时间：2019-02-08 19:27

【摘要】：离心泵广泛地应用于现代船舶之中,在船舶的制造和能耗中都占有很大的比例,而船用离心泵叶轮的汽蚀现象一直以来是影响离心泵性能的重要原因之一本文采用基于CFD的研究方法对离心泵内部流场进行分析计算,提出了提高离心泵叶轮抗汽蚀性能的优化设计方案,对离心泵的研究具有重要的意义。本文选取了离心泵叶轮的叶片数目、进口宽度和进口形状三个参数进行分析计算,主要的研究工作为： 1、研究船用离心泵的结构特点,分析离心泵产生汽蚀的原因及其危害,了解目前国内外关于船用离心泵抗汽蚀性能的研究进展及研究现状； 2、掌握三维设计软件SolidWorks的使用方法及相关的建模方法,运用该软件对叶轮和蜗壳流道进行三维建模； 3、运用面向CFD的专业前处理器软件GAMBIT软件对叶轮和蜗壳流道模型进行网格化处理,包括进出口设定以及交界面的设定; 4、将网格化的流道模型实体导入Fluent软件进行内部流场分析,包括对所输送介质的物理性质设定、边界条件设定以及计算方法设定等； 5、分析数值模拟得到的叶轮和蜗壳流道压力、速度分布图,结合离心泵的扬程及效率参数的变化,提出离心泵叶轮的优化设计方案。本文得出的主要结论：由CFD的分析结果可知,适当增加叶轮叶片数目；适当增加离心泵叶轮流道的进口宽度；采用合适的叶轮流道进口形状都可以提高离心泵叶轮的抗汽蚀性能,并且使离心泵的其他工作性能不受太大影响甚至还有所提高。在对离心泵进行机械结构设计时,对所设计的模型使用CFD的方法进行流场性能计算弥补了传统设计方法的不足,能够有效地缩短设计周期,降低设计成本。
[Abstract]:Centrifugal pumps are widely used in modern ships and account for a large proportion of the ship's manufacturing and energy consumption. The cavitation phenomenon of the impeller of marine centrifugal pump has been one of the important reasons that affect the performance of the centrifugal pump. In this paper, the internal flow field of the centrifugal pump is analyzed and calculated by using the research method based on CFD. The optimum design scheme for improving cavitation corrosion resistance of centrifugal pump impeller is put forward, which is of great significance to the research of centrifugal pump. In this paper, three parameters of centrifugal pump impeller, such as blade number, inlet width and inlet shape, are selected for analysis and calculation. The main research work is as follows: 1. The structural characteristics of marine centrifugal pump are studied. The cause and harm of cavitation of centrifugal pump are analyzed, and the research progress and research status of anti-cavitation performance of marine centrifugal pump at home and abroad are discussed. 2. Master the use method and related modeling method of 3D design software SolidWorks, and use the software to model the impeller and volute runner. 3. CFD oriented GAMBIT software is used to mesh the impeller and volute flow channel model, including the setting of inlet and outlet and the interface between the impeller and the volute. (4) the gridded flow channel model entity is imported into Fluent software to analyze the internal flow field, including setting the physical properties, boundary conditions and calculation methods of the transported medium. 5. By analyzing the pressure and velocity distribution diagram of impeller and volute flow channel obtained by numerical simulation, combining with the change of centrifugal pump's lift and efficiency parameter, the optimum design scheme of centrifugal pump impeller is put forward. The main conclusions obtained in this paper are as follows: according to the analysis of CFD, the number of impeller blades should be increased properly, the inlet width of impeller passage of centrifugal pump should be properly increased, and the inlet width of centrifugal pump impeller should be increased. The cavitation resistance of centrifugal pump impeller can be improved by adopting proper inlet shape of impeller runner, and other working performance of centrifugal pump can not be greatly affected or even improved. In the mechanical structure design of centrifugal pump, the flow field performance of the designed model is calculated by using CFD method to make up for the shortcomings of the traditional design method, which can effectively shorten the design period and reduce the design cost.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH311;U664.58

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