激冷气压缩机控制系统设计

发布时间：2019-02-22 15:08

【摘要】：激冷气压缩机属于单级悬臂式离心压缩机,是甲醇装置中的核心设备。此类压缩机虽有很多优点,但也有其本身难以消除的缺点,如不适用于气量小的场合、稳定工况区较窄、易喘振等等。因此,为激冷气压缩机配套的控制系统必须能使该压缩机组安全稳定地运行,并最好地发挥压缩机的性能,使压缩机在最节能的条件下工作,为用户创造最大的效益。本文的研究内容主要包括以下几个方面： (1)在分析了离心压缩机的工作原理、性能曲线和管网特性的基础之上,对其自动控制系统的组成原理和功能设计,特别是防喘振控制问题进行了比较系统的阐述。 (2)以某厂激冷气压缩机控制系统为研究对象,提出了压缩机控制系统的总体设计思想。分析了控制系统应有的功能需求,确定了系统要达到的性能指标。并根据系统所应用的场合对供电系统、本安系统及控制柜布置进行了明确的设计。 (3)以上位工控机、三重化冗余PLC和以太网为架构进行控制系统硬件设计,综合分析工艺流程进行逻辑设计。提出了一套离心压缩机综合控制策略,较全面地考虑了压缩机运行中可能发生的问题。提出防喘振控制方案。并采用串级调速的办法来保证压缩机的负荷满足工艺上的要求。 (4)在以上设计基础上对控制器进行功能实现并列举重要的程序。在完成功能开发后对控制系统进行全面测试,确保控制系统正确性和可用性。整个控制系统体系结构简洁、易于维护和扩展、响应速度快、控制精确、人机界面友好,机组防喘振控制合理,可以有效改善传统防喘振控制策略造成的能源浪费现象,具备良好的应用前景。
[Abstract]:Excited-air compressor belongs to single stage cantilever centrifugal compressor and is the core equipment in methanol plant. Although this kind of compressor has many advantages, it also has its own shortcomings which are difficult to eliminate, such as not suitable for the situation of small volume of gas, narrow stable working conditions, easy surge and so on. Therefore, the control system for the excitation air compressor must be able to make the compressor run safely and stably, and give full play to the performance of the compressor, so that the compressor can work under the most energy saving conditions and create the maximum benefit for the user. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) on the basis of analyzing the working principle, performance curve and pipe network characteristics of centrifugal compressor, the composition principle and function design of its automatic control system are introduced. Especially, the problem of anti-surge control is discussed systematically. (2) the general design idea of the compressor control system is put forward by taking the control system of the excited air compressor in a factory as the research object. The functional requirements of the control system are analyzed, and the performance index of the control system is determined. According to the application of the system, the layout of power supply system, local safety system and control cabinet are clearly designed. (3) the hardware design of the control system is carried out based on the above industrial computer, triple redundant PLC and Ethernet, and the logic design is carried out by synthetically analyzing the technological process. A comprehensive control strategy for centrifugal compressor is proposed, and the possible problems in compressor operation are considered comprehensively. An anti-surge control scheme is proposed. The method of cascade speed regulation is adopted to ensure that the load of compressor meets the requirements of technology. (4) based on the above design, the controller is implemented and some important programs are listed. Fully test the control system after the function development to ensure the correctness and availability of the control system. The whole control system is simple in structure, easy to maintain and expand, fast in response, accurate in control, friendly in man-machine interface, reasonable in anti-surge control of units, and can effectively improve the energy waste caused by the traditional anti-surge control strategy. It has good application prospect.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：TH452;TP273

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