钢球表面展开机构建模与仿真研究
发布时间：2019-05-15 01:33
【摘要】：目前，机械行业正朝着高速度、高精度和高质量的方向发展，轴承作为机械行业重要的基础部件，其作用显得更加突出。钢球作为轴承的滚动体，其质量直接影响了轴承的运动精度、动态性能和使用寿命。在对钢球表面质量进行检测的过程中，钢球的球形特点严重影响了对钢球表面缺陷的全面检测，如何将钢球表面合理高效的展开在检测仪下是迫切需要解决的问题。因此，本文对单驱动钢球表面展开机构、单驱动展开机构钢球表面展开轨迹和单驱动展开机构展开过程中钢球的动力学特性进行了深入的研究，并制造了展开机构模型，，搭建了钢球表面缺陷检测试验样机，进行了实验。 单驱动钢球表面展开机构的理论研究是从力学和运动学关系入手，分析展开机构中展开轮的展开原理和展开过程中钢球的角速度变化；分析了不同结构的展开轮对钢球表面展开的影响。对钢球表面展开轨迹进行了运动分析，建立了钢球表面展开轨迹数学模型；对展开机构的配套系统：送球机构、分球机构和进料箱进行了设计和分析。 运用MATLAB仿真软件对单驱动钢球表面展开机构中钢球的展开过程进行了仿真分析和研究。根据建立的钢球表面展开过程运动轨迹数学模型，编制M文件，对钢球表面展开轨迹进行仿真，得出了展开机构能够将钢球表面展开的结论。结合光纤传感器检测原理计算了钢球表面缺陷检测过程中钢球表面不会出现检测死区的条件，即钢球表面遍历的条件。利用仿真结果和展开过程运动关系，给出了一定转速下不同直径钢球表面完全展开且不会出现死区的条件。根据展开原理和光纤传感器检测原理计算了钢球表面检测过程中的重复率，并给出了最小重复率条件。 利用CATIA三维软件建立了单驱动钢球表面展开机构实验模型，根据展开轮原理设计了适合3mm-8mm直径钢球展开用的展开轮，运用ADMAS仿真软件对展开机构进行了动力学仿真。模拟了钢球展开过程并分析了展开机构中展开轮、驱动轮、压紧轮和钢球在展开过程中的受力变化过程和运动变化过程；分析了钢球在展开过程中的振动变化，优化了展开机构的各个运动参数；绘制了钢球展开过程中展开机构各个部分受力变化和位移变化曲线。 加工制造了展开机构的各个零件，并装配完成单驱动钢球表面展开机构。结合三坐标位移平台，光纤传感器和数据处理电路等实验器材搭建了钢球表面缺陷检测系统，对钢球表面缺陷进行了检测。根据仿真实验结果设计了钢球表面缺陷检测实验，钢球振动实验和钢球遍历实验，验证了仿真实验的真实性和有效性，分析了钢球表面缺陷检测过程中误差产生原因。
[Abstract]:At present, the mechanical industry is developing towards high speed, high precision and high quality. Bearing, as an important basic component of the mechanical industry, plays a more prominent role. As the rolling body of the bearing, the quality of the steel ball directly affects the motion accuracy, dynamic performance and service life of the bearing. In the process of testing the surface quality of steel ball, the spherical characteristics of steel ball seriously affect the comprehensive detection of surface defects of steel ball. How to develop the surface of steel ball reasonably and efficiently under the detector is an urgent problem to be solved. Therefore, in this paper, the dynamic characteristics of single drive steel ball surface expansion mechanism, single drive expansion mechanism steel ball surface expansion trajectory and single drive expansion mechanism are deeply studied, and the expansion mechanism model is made. A prototype of steel ball surface defect detection is built and the experiment is carried out. The theoretical research on the surface expansion mechanism of single drive steel ball is based on the relationship between mechanics and kinematics, and the expansion principle of the expansion wheel in the expansion mechanism and the angular velocity change of the steel ball in the process of expansion are analyzed. The influence of expansion wheels with different structures on the surface of steel balls is analyzed. The motion analysis of the surface expansion trajectory of the steel ball is carried out, and the mathematical model of the expansion trajectory of the steel ball surface is established, and the supporting systems of the expansion mechanism, such as the ball feeding mechanism, the dividing ball mechanism and the feed box, are designed and analyzed. The development process of steel ball in single drive steel ball surface expansion mechanism is simulated and studied by using MATLAB simulation software. According to the mathematical model of steel ball surface development process, the M file is compiled to simulate the steel ball surface expansion trajectory, and the conclusion that the expansion mechanism can expand the steel ball surface is drawn. Combined with the detection principle of optical fiber sensor, the condition that the dead zone will not appear on the surface of steel ball, that is, the condition of traversing the surface of steel ball, is calculated. Based on the simulation results and the motion relationship of the expansion process, the conditions for the surface of steel balls with different diameters to expand completely without dead zone at a certain speed are given. According to the expansion principle and the detection principle of optical fiber sensor, the repetition rate in the process of steel ball surface detection is calculated, and the minimum repetition rate condition is given. The experimental model of single drive steel ball surface expansion mechanism is established by using CATIA three-dimensional software. According to the principle of expansion wheel, the expansion wheel suitable for 3mm-8mm diameter steel ball expansion is designed, and the dynamic simulation of the expansion mechanism is carried out by using ADMAS simulation software. The expansion process of steel ball is simulated and the stress change process and motion change process of expansion wheel, drive wheel, compression wheel and steel ball in the expansion mechanism are analyzed. The vibration change of steel ball in the process of expansion is analyzed, the motion parameters of the expansion mechanism are optimized, and the curves of force change and displacement of each part of the expansion mechanism are drawn. Each part of the expansion mechanism is machined and manufactured, and the single drive steel ball surface expansion mechanism is assembled and completed. Combined with three coordinate displacement platform, optical fiber sensor and data processing circuit, a steel ball surface defect detection system is built, and the steel ball surface defect is detected. According to the simulation results, the experiments of steel ball surface defect detection, steel ball vibration test and steel ball traversing experiment are designed to verify the authenticity and effectiveness of the simulation experiment, and the causes of errors in the process of steel ball surface defect detection are analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：济南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TP274;TH133.3
本文编号：2477211
[Abstract]:At present, the mechanical industry is developing towards high speed, high precision and high quality. Bearing, as an important basic component of the mechanical industry, plays a more prominent role. As the rolling body of the bearing, the quality of the steel ball directly affects the motion accuracy, dynamic performance and service life of the bearing. In the process of testing the surface quality of steel ball, the spherical characteristics of steel ball seriously affect the comprehensive detection of surface defects of steel ball. How to develop the surface of steel ball reasonably and efficiently under the detector is an urgent problem to be solved. Therefore, in this paper, the dynamic characteristics of single drive steel ball surface expansion mechanism, single drive expansion mechanism steel ball surface expansion trajectory and single drive expansion mechanism are deeply studied, and the expansion mechanism model is made. A prototype of steel ball surface defect detection is built and the experiment is carried out. The theoretical research on the surface expansion mechanism of single drive steel ball is based on the relationship between mechanics and kinematics, and the expansion principle of the expansion wheel in the expansion mechanism and the angular velocity change of the steel ball in the process of expansion are analyzed. The influence of expansion wheels with different structures on the surface of steel balls is analyzed. The motion analysis of the surface expansion trajectory of the steel ball is carried out, and the mathematical model of the expansion trajectory of the steel ball surface is established, and the supporting systems of the expansion mechanism, such as the ball feeding mechanism, the dividing ball mechanism and the feed box, are designed and analyzed. The development process of steel ball in single drive steel ball surface expansion mechanism is simulated and studied by using MATLAB simulation software. According to the mathematical model of steel ball surface development process, the M file is compiled to simulate the steel ball surface expansion trajectory, and the conclusion that the expansion mechanism can expand the steel ball surface is drawn. Combined with the detection principle of optical fiber sensor, the condition that the dead zone will not appear on the surface of steel ball, that is, the condition of traversing the surface of steel ball, is calculated. Based on the simulation results and the motion relationship of the expansion process, the conditions for the surface of steel balls with different diameters to expand completely without dead zone at a certain speed are given. According to the expansion principle and the detection principle of optical fiber sensor, the repetition rate in the process of steel ball surface detection is calculated, and the minimum repetition rate condition is given. The experimental model of single drive steel ball surface expansion mechanism is established by using CATIA three-dimensional software. According to the principle of expansion wheel, the expansion wheel suitable for 3mm-8mm diameter steel ball expansion is designed, and the dynamic simulation of the expansion mechanism is carried out by using ADMAS simulation software. The expansion process of steel ball is simulated and the stress change process and motion change process of expansion wheel, drive wheel, compression wheel and steel ball in the expansion mechanism are analyzed. The vibration change of steel ball in the process of expansion is analyzed, the motion parameters of the expansion mechanism are optimized, and the curves of force change and displacement of each part of the expansion mechanism are drawn. Each part of the expansion mechanism is machined and manufactured, and the single drive steel ball surface expansion mechanism is assembled and completed. Combined with three coordinate displacement platform, optical fiber sensor and data processing circuit, a steel ball surface defect detection system is built, and the steel ball surface defect is detected. According to the simulation results, the experiments of steel ball surface defect detection, steel ball vibration test and steel ball traversing experiment are designed to verify the authenticity and effectiveness of the simulation experiment, and the causes of errors in the process of steel ball surface defect detection are analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：济南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TP274;TH133.3
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