大功率多元液力调速系统性能研究

发布时间：2019-05-16 03:50

【摘要】：风机、水泵等旋转类机械是广泛应用与冶金、矿山、电力等行业的动力设备，其电能消耗占据我国工业用电的很大比重。风机、水泵只要变速调节运行就能够节能，因此开展变速调节技术的研究对能源的高效率利用具有重要意义。目前，，工业生产中的动力机向大功率、大容量方向发展，风机水泵的运行功率也上升至几千到几万千瓦，但是已有的调速技术难以实现大功率、大容量传递功率情况下传动系统的宽调速范围、高效率传动。在这样的背景下本文针对大功率风机水泵的变速调节开展研究，探索新的技术解决方案，对于我国电力生产中使用的大型旋转机械的节能降耗、提高设备运行的安全性和可靠性具有重要的意义。本文受到吉林大学基本科研业务费项目“大功率多元复合液力调速系统研究”的资助，论文研究了一种恒速输入、无级变速输出的传动装置——大功率多元液力调速系统，该系统适用于大功率泵与风机的变速调节运行。多元液力调速系统基于功率分流传动原理，具有传递功率大、调速范围宽、传动效率高的特点。论文围绕传动系统模型、调速系统的功率分析、导叶可调式液力变矩器以及系统的输出特性等关键问题所做的研究工作和得出的结论如下：（1）分析了两种基于功率分流传动原理的传动系统方案，即双电机并联驱动的传动模式和单电机驱动的传动模式，分析了两种模式各自的特点。提出了基于功率分流传动原理的多元液力调速系统传动模型，对多元液力调速系统的不同工作阶段做了简要分析。采用行星轮系功率流分析的节点法对两排行星轮系和导叶可调式变矩器组成的液力调速系统进行了功率流向的分析。得出了固定行星轮系和旋转行星轮系的转速、转矩以及功率的关系式，同时得出了导叶可调式变矩器的泵轮和涡轮上的转速、转矩以及功率关系式，给出了调速系统的效率计算公式。（2）运用相似法设计了调速系统中的关键液力元件——导叶可调式液力变矩器。完成了变矩器循环圆和叶片等关键环节的设计，得到了D=710mm可调式变矩器的模型。并对设计的导叶可调式变矩器建立了流场计算模型，用CFD方法对不同开度不同工况的可调式变矩器内流场进行了数值仿真，预测了其内部流场特性和外部转矩特性。同时采用数值仿真的方法对调速型液力偶合器与液力减速器的性能进行了研究，分析了不同充液率下调速型液力偶合器的原始特性和液力减速器的制动特性。（3）在完成液力偶合器的原始特性计算基础上，预测了不同充液率下低速段调速系统的输出特性；在完成了可调式变矩器特性计算的基础上对高速段液力调速系统的输出特性做出了预测。将调速系统与离心式风机匹配，研究了导叶开度与系统输出特性的关系，随着导叶开度的增大，调速系统的输出转速和转矩都增大，进入变矩器的功率和液力功率占输入功率的比值都增大。同时研究了调速过程中导叶可调式变矩器特性参数随开度的变化规律。分析了固定行星齿轮特性参数对液力调速系统高效区间范围的影响，当增大固定行星齿轮特性参数时，调速系统的高效区间向低转速区间移动。改变特性参数后的调速系统相比原设计的调速系统在调速范围内有更高的运行效率。最后比较了运用调速系统和液力偶合器对离心式风机负载调速的效率曲线，使用液力调速系统调速能够在更宽的调速范围内实现高效率的传动，具有更显著的节能优势。
[Abstract]:Rotating machinery, such as fan and water pump, is a widely used power equipment in the fields of metallurgy, mine, electric power, etc., and its electric energy consumption occupies a great proportion of China's industrial electricity consumption. As long as the variable-speed regulation and operation of the fan and the water pump can save energy, the research of the variable-speed regulation technology is of great significance to the high-efficiency utilization of energy. At present, the power machine in the industrial production is developed in the direction of high power and large capacity, and the operating power of the fan water pump is also increased to several thousand to several thousand kilowatts, but the existing speed regulation technology is difficult to realize the wide speed regulation range and high efficiency transmission of the transmission system under the condition of high power and large capacity transmission power. In this background, this paper studies the variable-speed regulation of high-power fan water pump, and probes into the new technical solution, which is of great significance to the energy-saving, energy-saving and energy-saving of large-scale rotating machinery used in power production in China, and to improve the safety and reliability of equipment operation. This paper is supported by the "Research on High-power and Multi-element Compound Hydraulic Speed-regulating System" of the basic scientific research operating expense project of Jilin University. The paper studies a high-power multi-component hydraulic speed-regulating system with constant-speed input and variable-speed output. The system is suitable for the variable-speed regulation and operation of high-power pump and fan. The multi-element hydraulic speed regulation system is based on the principle of power split transmission, and has the characteristics of large transmission power, wide speed regulation range and high transmission efficiency. The research work and conclusion about the key problems such as the transmission system model, the power analysis of the speed-regulating system, the adjustable guide vane and the output characteristic of the system are as follows: (1) Two transmission systems based on the principle of power split transmission are analyzed In this case, the transmission mode and the single-motor-driven transmission mode of the double-motor are driven in parallel, and the respective states of the two modes are analyzed. In this paper, the transmission model of the multi-element hydraulic speed regulation system based on the power split transmission principle is put forward, and the different working stages of the multi-element hydraulic speed-regulating system are briefly described. Analysis of the power flow direction of two rows of planetary gear train and guide vane adjustable torque converter by using the node method of planetary gear train power flow analysis The relationship between the speed, torque and power of the fixed planetary gear train and the rotating planetary gear train is derived, and the speed, torque and power relation of the pump wheel and the turbine of the variable torque converter of the guide vane are obtained, and the efficiency of the speed regulation system is given. The key hydraulic element _ guide vane adjustable hydraulic system in the speed-regulating system is designed by using the similar method. The torque converter is designed to complete the key links such as the cycle circle and the blade of the torque converter, and the D = 710 mm adjustable torque converter is obtained. The flow field calculation model is established for the designed guide vane adjustable torque converter, and the flow field of the adjustable torque converter with different opening degrees is simulated by the CFD method, and the internal flow field characteristics and the external rotation of the torque converter are predicted. In this paper, the performance of the speed-regulating fluid coupling and the hydraulic speed reducer is studied by means of numerical simulation, and the original characteristics of the speed-regulating fluid coupling and the system of the hydraulic speed reducer are analyzed. (3) Based on the calculation of the original characteristic of the fluid coupling, the output characteristic of the low-speed section speed-regulating system under different liquid-filling rate is predicted, and the output characteristic of the high-speed section hydraulic speed-regulating system on the basis of the calculation of the characteristic of the adjustable torque converter is completed. The relationship between the opening degree of the guide vane and the output characteristic of the system is studied. With the increase of the opening of the guide vane, the output speed and the torque of the speed-regulating system are increased, and the power and the hydraulic power of the torque converter account for the input power. The ratio is increased. At the same time, the characteristic parameters of the variable torque converter of the guide vane in the speed regulation process are studied with the opening degree. The influence of the characteristic parameters of the fixed planetary gear on the high-efficiency section range of the hydraulic speed-regulating system is analyzed. When the characteristic parameters of the fixed planetary gear are increased, the high-efficiency section of the speed-regulating system is low The speed-regulating system of the original design is higher in the speed-regulating range than the speed-regulating system of the original design compared with the speed-regulating system after changing the characteristic parameters and the efficiency curve of the load regulation of the centrifugal fan by the speed regulation system and the fluid coupling is finally compared, the speed regulation of the hydraulic speed regulation system can be used for realizing high-efficiency transmission in a wider speed regulation range,
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH137.332

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