基于振动测试的机械故障定性及定位方法研究
发布时间：2019-05-26 23:13
【摘要】：机械设备故障诊断技术对保障设备的可靠、安全和高效的运行具有重要的实际意义。由于机械设备的振动信号能够反映出设备的工况状态，因此，基于振动测试的故障诊断方法是目前最常用的也是最有效的故障诊断方法。 故障定性与定位研究是机械设备故障诊断研究最主要的两个方面，本文主要研究了这两个方面的内容。介绍了目前一些主要的故障定性和定位方法及其应用，并且总结和分析了各种方法的特点以及存在的不足之处，为故障定性及定位方法的研究提供借鉴和参考。 论文探讨了一种基于时域平均Laplace小波分析的故障定性方法。先对原始振动信号进行时域同步平均提取出周期分量，再进行Laplace小波相关滤波得到相关系数，用傅里叶变换求出Laplace小波相关系数的频谱从而得到故障特征频率，再对各种故障特征信息进行综合分析，实现故障的定性。针对汽轮发电机组振动异常，运用基于时域平均Laplace小波分析的故障定性方法进行实例分析，实际结果验证了本方法的有效性。 又探讨了基于振动信号相位传播特性的故障定位方法。先通过自适应消噪技术进行降噪处理，，再应用希尔伯特变换提取相位信息，然后进行平滑处理得到信号的相位波形，最后根据相位特征的传播特性实现故障定位。通过本方法对轧机主传动系统故障诊断的实例分析，实际结果验证了本方法的正确性，具有一定的实际应用价值。
[Abstract]:The fault diagnosis technology of mechanical equipment is of great practical significance to ensure the reliable, safe and efficient operation of the equipment. Because the vibration signal of mechanical equipment can reflect the working condition of the equipment, the fault diagnosis method based on vibration test is the most commonly used and effective fault diagnosis method at present. Fault qualitative and location research is the most important two aspects of mechanical equipment fault diagnosis research, this paper mainly studies the contents of these two aspects. This paper introduces some main fault qualitative and location methods and their applications, and summarizes and analyzes the characteristics and shortcomings of various methods, which provides reference and reference for the research of fault qualitative and location methods. In this paper, a fault qualitative method based on time domain average Laplace wavelet analysis is discussed. Firstly, the periodic components of the original vibration signal are extracted synchronously in time domain, then the correlation coefficients are obtained by Laplace wavelet correlation filtering, and the spectrum of Laplace wavelet correlation coefficients is obtained by Fourier transform to obtain the fault characteristic frequency. Then the comprehensive analysis of all kinds of fault characteristic information is carried out to realize the qualitative analysis of the fault. Aiming at the abnormal vibration of turbogenerator set, the fault qualitative method based on time domain average Laplace wavelet analysis is used to analyze the fault. The actual results verify the effectiveness of the method. The fault location method based on the phase propagation characteristics of vibration signal is also discussed. Firstly, the adaptive denoising technology is used to reduce the noise, then the phase information is extracted by Herbert transform, and then the phase waveform of the signal is obtained by smoothing processing. Finally, the fault location is realized according to the propagation characteristics of the phase characteristics. Through the analysis of the fault diagnosis of the main transmission system of the rolling mill, the actual results verify the correctness of the method and have certain practical application value.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH165.3
[Abstract]:The fault diagnosis technology of mechanical equipment is of great practical significance to ensure the reliable, safe and efficient operation of the equipment. Because the vibration signal of mechanical equipment can reflect the working condition of the equipment, the fault diagnosis method based on vibration test is the most commonly used and effective fault diagnosis method at present. Fault qualitative and location research is the most important two aspects of mechanical equipment fault diagnosis research, this paper mainly studies the contents of these two aspects. This paper introduces some main fault qualitative and location methods and their applications, and summarizes and analyzes the characteristics and shortcomings of various methods, which provides reference and reference for the research of fault qualitative and location methods. In this paper, a fault qualitative method based on time domain average Laplace wavelet analysis is discussed. Firstly, the periodic components of the original vibration signal are extracted synchronously in time domain, then the correlation coefficients are obtained by Laplace wavelet correlation filtering, and the spectrum of Laplace wavelet correlation coefficients is obtained by Fourier transform to obtain the fault characteristic frequency. Then the comprehensive analysis of all kinds of fault characteristic information is carried out to realize the qualitative analysis of the fault. Aiming at the abnormal vibration of turbogenerator set, the fault qualitative method based on time domain average Laplace wavelet analysis is used to analyze the fault. The actual results verify the effectiveness of the method. The fault location method based on the phase propagation characteristics of vibration signal is also discussed. Firstly, the adaptive denoising technology is used to reduce the noise, then the phase information is extracted by Herbert transform, and then the phase waveform of the signal is obtained by smoothing processing. Finally, the fault location is realized according to the propagation characteristics of the phase characteristics. Through the analysis of the fault diagnosis of the main transmission system of the rolling mill, the actual results verify the correctness of the method and have certain practical application value.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH165.3
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4 张e
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