典型轴承—转子系统振动特性试验研究

发布时间：2019-05-27 13:43

【摘要】：随着世界经济、科技的发展,以轴承转子系统为工作主体的旋转机械在工业生产中发挥的作用日益巨大。航空航天发动机、高速膨胀制冷机等旋转机械,在高转速和高稳定性方面提出了越来越高的要求。气体轴承和滚动轴承是目前高速旋转机械比较常用的轴承形式。旋转机械的高速、复杂化,使得其核心结构—轴承转子系统中涉及的非线性因素越来越多,这些因素不但自身对系统的动力学性能产生复杂的非线性影响,而且彼此之间还通过耦合作用导致系统的运动日趋复杂,工业生产中由于旋转机械的非线性动力学行为引发的振动超标已造成了大量的事故。本文基于转子动力学基本原理搭建了高速气体轴承-转子试验台和高速滚动轴承-转子试验台。通过数值仿真的手段计算了轴承-转子系统的固有特性,并在所搭建的试验台上通过非线性测量及分析手段就滚动轴承和气体静压轴承支承的两类典型转子系统的固有特性及运行过程中的振动特性进行了试验研究。通过轴心轨迹、频率-幅值曲线、时间-幅值曲线等特征图谱呈现了典型振动现象的特征。在气体轴承-转子系统中主要存在低频振动,文章呈现了半速涡动、低频共振的特征,并发现总结了以往研究中鲜有研究的双低频振动特性；在滚动轴承-转子中除工频振动外还存在低频及高频振动,总结了两个高频共同作用、高频低频共同作用及单一高频或低频作用的振动特征。在文章的最后就两类典型轴承-转子系统的振动特性进行了总结和对比研究,提出了工作中存在的不足及未来的研究方向,对工程中的实际应用有一定的指导作用。
[Abstract]:With the development of world economy and science and technology, rotating machinery with bearing rotor system as the main body plays an increasingly important role in industrial production. The rotating machinery such as aerospace engine and high speed expansion refrigerator has put forward higher and higher requirements in terms of high speed and high stability. Gas bearing and rolling bearing are commonly used in high speed rotating machinery at present. With the high speed and complexity of rotating machinery, more and more nonlinear factors are involved in the core structure-bearing rotor system. These factors not only have complex nonlinear effects on the dynamic performance of the system. Moreover, the motion of the system is becoming more and more complex through coupling with each other, and a large number of accidents have been caused by the excessive vibration caused by the nonlinear dynamic behavior of rotating machinery in industrial production. Based on the basic principle of rotor dynamics, the high speed gas bearing rotor test bench and high speed rolling bearing rotor test bed are built in this paper. The inherent characteristics of bearing-rotor system are calculated by numerical simulation. The inherent characteristics and vibration characteristics of two typical rotor systems supported by rolling bearing and aerostatic bearing are studied by means of nonlinear measurement and analysis on the test-bed. The typical vibration phenomena are characterized by axial trajectory, frequency-amplitude curve, time-amplitude curve and so on. There are mainly low frequency vibration in gas bearing rotor system. This paper presents the characteristics of half speed vortex and low frequency resonance, and finds and summarizes the characteristics of double low frequency vibration which have not been studied in the past. In addition to power frequency vibration, there are also low frequency and high frequency vibration in rolling bearing rotor. The vibration characteristics of two high frequency interaction, high frequency and low frequency interaction and single high frequency or low frequency action are summarized. At the end of the paper, the vibration characteristics of two typical bearing-rotor systems are summarized and compared, and the shortcomings in the work and the future research direction are put forward, which can guide the practical application of the project to a certain extent.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TH113.1

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