基于AMESim的装载机变速箱换挡性能研究
发布时间：2019-05-28 06:50
【摘要】：装载机是目前世界上应用范围较广的工程机械，在公路、矿山、港口等建设工程中都发挥着重要作用。变速箱是装载机传动系统重要的组成部分之一，其换挡性能的优劣对整机的安全性和可靠性都有很大影响，因此改善变速箱的换挡性能尤为重要。评价一台装载机换挡性能的客观标准是换挡平稳性，由于动力换挡变速箱在换挡时，液压系统刚度较大，一旦结合元件接触过猛便会产生严重的换挡冲击现象，这会严重影响驾驶的安全性和舒适性。因此提高换挡平顺性、降低换挡冲击是提高变速箱换挡性能的关键所在，也是本文研究的目的所在。 本文来自于校企合作项目“装载机液压系统及传动系统动态仿真分析及对比测试研究”，基于目前装载机工作时普遍存在的换挡冲击现象，以轮式装载机的变速系统为研究对象，利用AMESim软件建立其系统模型并进行仿真分析，最后结合实验加以验证，从而对装载机变速箱换挡性能进行了深入研究。 本文首先介绍了装载机变速箱的分类、常用的换挡操纵方式，然后分别对变速系统的传动部分和控制部分的结构、工作原理进行了分析；阐述了装载机变速系统现存的换挡冲击现象，并以此为出发点对装载机变速箱的换挡性能展开研究。以定轴式电液控制的轮式装载机变速箱为研究对象，对其换挡过程进行了动力学与运动学分析，并基于传递函数法对变速箱的液压控制系统进行了数学模型的建立和分析。之后利用AMESim仿真分析软件建立了变速箱的传动系统和控制系统模型，尤其是电液控制部分先后采用系统模型和HCD库模型两种建立方式，以求更深入地分析变速箱的换挡性能。模型建立之后从多个角度对模型的仿真结果进行分析，特别是换挡离合器的压力变化，因为它是影响变速箱换挡性能的关键所在，明确了该装载机变速箱目前存在的换挡冲击问题。另外为了确定离合器和控制系统各相关参数大小对变速箱换挡性能的影响程度，分别对各因素进行系列化仿真分析，，最终得出离合器的结构参数中以活塞直径和活塞最大行程距离两因素对换挡影响最大；电液控制系统调压阀的结构参数中以缓冲弹簧刚度和节流孔大小两因素对换挡性能影响最大的结论。最后通过实验与仿真的对比，验证了仿真模型的准确性，并提出了相应的改进措施以提高装载机的换挡平顺性。
[Abstract]:Loader is a widely used construction machinery in the world, which plays an important role in highway, mine, port and other construction projects. Gearbox is one of the important components of loader transmission system, its shift performance has a great impact on the safety and reliability of the whole machine, so it is particularly important to improve the gearbox shift performance. The objective criterion for evaluating the shift performance of a loader is shift stability. Because the hydraulic system stiffness is large when the power shift gearbox is in shift, once the combined components are in contact with too hard, there will be a serious shift impact phenomenon. This will seriously affect the safety and comfort of driving. Therefore, improving shift comfort and reducing shift impact is the key to improve gearbox shift performance, and it is also the purpose of this paper. This paper comes from the cooperation project between school and enterprise, "dynamic simulation analysis and comparative test research of hydraulic system and transmission system of loader", based on the phenomenon of shift impact commonly existing in the work of loaders at present. Taking the variable speed system of wheel loader as the research object, the system model is established by AMESim software and the simulation analysis is carried out. finally, the gearbox shift performance of wheel loader is verified by experiments, and the gearbox shift performance of wheel loader is deeply studied. This paper first introduces the classification of the gearbox of the loader and the commonly used shift control mode, and then analyzes the structure and working principle of the transmission part and the control part of the variable speed system respectively. This paper expounds the existing shift impact phenomenon of loader transmission system, and studies the shift performance of loader gearbox from this point of view. Taking the gearbox of wheel loader controlled by fixed axis electro-hydraulic as the research object, the dynamic and kinematic analysis of the shift process is carried out, and the mathematical model of the hydraulic control system of the gearbox is established and analyzed based on the transfer function method. Then the transmission system and control system model of gearbox are established by using AMESim simulation and analysis software, especially the electro-hydraulic control part adopts two methods: system model and HCD library model, in order to analyze the shift performance of gearbox more deeply. After the establishment of the model, the simulation results of the model are analyzed from many angles, especially the pressure change of the shift clutch, because it is the key to affect the gearbox shift performance. The problem of shift impact in the gearbox of the loader is clarified. In addition, in order to determine the influence of the relevant parameters of clutch and control system on the gearbox shift performance, the serial simulation analysis of each factor is carried out. Finally, it is concluded that the piston diameter and the maximum stroke distance of the piston have the greatest influence on the shift in the structural parameters of the clutch. Among the structural parameters of the pressure regulating valve of the electro-hydraulic control system, the stiffness of the buffer spring and the size of the throttle hole have the greatest influence on the shift performance. Finally, the accuracy of the simulation model is verified by comparing the experiment with the simulation, and the corresponding improvement measures are put forward to improve the shift comfort of the loader.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH243
本文编号：2486829
[Abstract]:Loader is a widely used construction machinery in the world, which plays an important role in highway, mine, port and other construction projects. Gearbox is one of the important components of loader transmission system, its shift performance has a great impact on the safety and reliability of the whole machine, so it is particularly important to improve the gearbox shift performance. The objective criterion for evaluating the shift performance of a loader is shift stability. Because the hydraulic system stiffness is large when the power shift gearbox is in shift, once the combined components are in contact with too hard, there will be a serious shift impact phenomenon. This will seriously affect the safety and comfort of driving. Therefore, improving shift comfort and reducing shift impact is the key to improve gearbox shift performance, and it is also the purpose of this paper. This paper comes from the cooperation project between school and enterprise, "dynamic simulation analysis and comparative test research of hydraulic system and transmission system of loader", based on the phenomenon of shift impact commonly existing in the work of loaders at present. Taking the variable speed system of wheel loader as the research object, the system model is established by AMESim software and the simulation analysis is carried out. finally, the gearbox shift performance of wheel loader is verified by experiments, and the gearbox shift performance of wheel loader is deeply studied. This paper first introduces the classification of the gearbox of the loader and the commonly used shift control mode, and then analyzes the structure and working principle of the transmission part and the control part of the variable speed system respectively. This paper expounds the existing shift impact phenomenon of loader transmission system, and studies the shift performance of loader gearbox from this point of view. Taking the gearbox of wheel loader controlled by fixed axis electro-hydraulic as the research object, the dynamic and kinematic analysis of the shift process is carried out, and the mathematical model of the hydraulic control system of the gearbox is established and analyzed based on the transfer function method. Then the transmission system and control system model of gearbox are established by using AMESim simulation and analysis software, especially the electro-hydraulic control part adopts two methods: system model and HCD library model, in order to analyze the shift performance of gearbox more deeply. After the establishment of the model, the simulation results of the model are analyzed from many angles, especially the pressure change of the shift clutch, because it is the key to affect the gearbox shift performance. The problem of shift impact in the gearbox of the loader is clarified. In addition, in order to determine the influence of the relevant parameters of clutch and control system on the gearbox shift performance, the serial simulation analysis of each factor is carried out. Finally, it is concluded that the piston diameter and the maximum stroke distance of the piston have the greatest influence on the shift in the structural parameters of the clutch. Among the structural parameters of the pressure regulating valve of the electro-hydraulic control system, the stiffness of the buffer spring and the size of the throttle hole have the greatest influence on the shift performance. Finally, the accuracy of the simulation model is verified by comparing the experiment with the simulation, and the corresponding improvement measures are put forward to improve the shift comfort of the loader.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH243
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 张建;工程机械变速箱控制系统的研究与开发[D];吉林大学;2012年
本文编号：2486829
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