可移动机床加工大型法兰面自适应定位技术的研究

发布时间：2019-06-03 20:25

【摘要】：可移动小机床加工大型构件是一项实用性非常强的技术,理论上讲,它摆脱了导轨的束缚,可以加工出任意长度的工件,而自适应定位技术是这种理念能够实现的关键。目前在实验室中利用此项技术已经可以完成一些大型矩形面的加工然而要想在实际生产中应用,自适应定位方法的可靠性及其定位精度还需要进一步论证。为了提高自适应定位可靠性并提高定位精度,本文以自适应定位铣削大型法兰上平面为例对自适应定位方法展开研究。首先,建立了加工大型法兰上平面的自适应定位模型,并对模型的求解步骤及具体操作过程进行详细分析。然后通过改善自适应定位模型的求解方法及简化操作过程,提高自适应定位的可靠性及定位精度。在大型法兰面自适应定位模型基础上,利用刚体运动学理论建立起自适应定位误差模型,找出影响自适应定位精度的主要因素：工件坐标系在测量坐标系下位姿误差,机床坐标系在测量坐标系下位姿误差。对工件坐标系在测量坐标系下位姿误差仿真分析,提出通过合理建立坐标系的方法来提高自适应定位精度；对机床坐标系在测量坐标系下位姿误差仿真分析得出,可以通过合理选择三个点的相对位置来提高自适应定位精度。然后利用自适应定位误差模型对加工效果进行预测,从理论上分析了自适应定位方法的可靠性。提出新的机床坐标系的测量方案,进一步提高了自适应定位方法的可靠性。然后,为了提高实验效果,对实验机床几何误差进行补偿,并对补偿效果进行测量评价。通过理论研究,改善了自适应定位模型的求解方法；利用实验验证了利用自适应定位方法加工大型法兰平面的可行性及可靠性,通过将新的测量方案加工效果与旧的测量方案加工效果对比,验证了新的机床坐标系测量方案的优越性。
[Abstract]:Machining large components with movable small machine tools is a very practical technology. Theoretically, it gets rid of the shackles of guideways and can process workpieces of arbitrary length. Adaptive positioning technology is the key to the realization of this concept. At present, some large rectangular surfaces can be machined by using this technology in the laboratory. However, in order to be applied in practical production, the reliability and positioning accuracy of the adaptive positioning method need to be further demonstrated. In order to improve the reliability of adaptive positioning and improve the positioning accuracy, this paper takes the adaptive positioning and milling of the upper plane of large flanges as an example to study the adaptive positioning method. Firstly, an adaptive positioning model for machining the upper plane of large flange is established, and the solving steps and operation process of the model are analyzed in detail. Then the reliability and positioning accuracy of adaptive positioning are improved by improving the solution method of adaptive positioning model and simplifying the operation process. Based on the adaptive positioning model of large flange surface, the adaptive positioning error model is established by using rigid body kinematic theory, and the main factors affecting the accuracy of adaptive positioning are found out: the pose error of workpiece coordinate system in measuring coordinate system, The position and attitude error of the machine tool coordinate system is measured in the coordinate system. Based on the simulation analysis of the position and attitude error of the workpiece coordinate system in the measurement coordinate system, the method of establishing the coordinate system reasonably is put forward to improve the adaptive positioning accuracy. The simulation analysis of the pose error in the machine tool coordinate system shows that the adaptive positioning accuracy can be improved by reasonably selecting the relative position of the three points. Then the adaptive positioning error model is used to predict the machining effect, and the reliability of the adaptive positioning method is analyzed theoretically. A new measurement scheme of machine tool coordinate system is proposed, which further improves the reliability of adaptive positioning method. Then, in order to improve the experimental effect, the geometric error of the experimental machine tool is compensated, and the compensation effect is measured and evaluated. Through theoretical research, the solution method of adaptive positioning model is improved. The feasibility and reliability of machining large flange plane by adaptive positioning method are verified by experiments. The machining effect of the new measurement scheme is compared with that of the old measurement scheme. The superiority of the new coordinate system measurement scheme is verified.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH16

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