双质体振动给料机动态设计研究

发布时间：2019-06-14 14:30

【摘要】：双质体振动给料机是一种广泛应用在冶金、煤炭、电力、化工、建材、轻工和粮食等行业中的给料设备。目前双质体振动给料机大多是采用经验数据和安全系数的设计方法，未充分考虑结构的工作动态特性，因此不能保证产品结构的设计合理性，导致电耗高、振幅不稳定、产量较低、噪音大、使用寿命短等缺点。所以，采用现代设计方法研究和制造双质体振动给料机，提升设计水平、缩短产品开发周期及提高产品可靠性等已成为一项重要的研究课题。为此，本论文采用虚拟设计、动态设计、有限元分析、动力学仿真等现代设计方法对双质体振动给料机的设计技术展开了研究。通过对双质体振动给料机的工作原理和给料槽体内物料的运动形式的研究，推导出给料槽体工作面的位移、速度、加速度、物料运动的理论平均速度和产量的计算公式，，总结出双质体振动给料机工艺参数的选择原则和方法；分析了物料运动速度的影响参数，并利用MATLAB优化工具箱对其进行了优化计算，得到了小倾角椭圆振动给料机物料在抛掷运动状态下输送速度最大时的最佳运动学参数。建立了双质体振动给料机的动力学模型和四自由度振动方程，给出了振动方程的求解方法。对振动方程的分析表明，双质体振动给料机出现前、后摇摆振动的原因是激振力不通过机体质心，在此基础上提出了使双质体振动给料机减少前、后摇摆振动的措施。同时计算了双质体振动给料机的动力学参数，为有限元模型的创建与动力学仿真研究提供了基础数据。应用三维CAD绘图软件SolidWorks建立了双质体振动给料机三维模型，完成给料机的虚拟装配，干涉检验和整机参数的校验。利用Visual Basic对SolidWorks进行了二次开发，建立了人机交互界面，通过Visual Basic编程实现不同参数的模型更新，实现一参数一模型的自动生成和模型的重新装配，并实现了三维实体模型向二维工程图的自动转换，以便直接用于生产。整合以上功能建立了双质体振动给料机虚拟设计系统，有效缩短了产品开发周期、节省了制造成本、提高了设计质量。采用三维CAD绘图软件SolidWorks、有限元分析软件ANSYS、多体动力学仿真软件MSC.ADAMS联合仿真技术，建立了双质体振动给料机的刚柔耦合虚拟样机模型，并进行了动力学仿真分析，得到了整机的运动学和动力学参数、主振弹簧和隔振弹簧受力曲线及振动方向角变化曲线等。结果表明，在开机和停止阶段，给料机会出现前后和左右的摇摆，但幅度不大，隔振弹簧承受较大的冲击载荷，易发生剪断破坏，主振弹簧在起动和停止阶段受力很小，工作时振幅平稳，其破坏形式主要为稳定阶段的疲劳失效；双质体振动给料机的平均振动方向角仿真值为34.8°，与理论设计值35°基本一致。仿真结果与理论计算结果的对比分析表明，两者具有较好的一致性，由此证明了双质体振动给料机动力学仿真模型的正确性及仿真结果的可靠性。应用有限元分析软件ANSYS对给料槽体进行了自由模态分析，结果表明给料槽体在额定工作频率下工作不会出现共振现象；对双质体振动给料机整机进行了约束模态分析和谐响应分析，结果表明双质体振动给料机能够成功地克服共振，实现平稳地起动和正常工作。应用ANSYS Workbench软件对主振弹簧、给料槽体等关键易损零部件进行了疲劳分析，得出了寿命图、损伤图、安全系数等疲劳分析参数，确定了弹簧的薄弱环节、不安全和易损伤区域，进而分析了结构设计的合理性，并估算出了使用寿命，为优化设计提供了依据。对双质体振动给料机进行了空载实验，测得了各测点的运动轨迹和振动方向角，实验结果与理论分析结果和仿真结果基本一致，证明了双质体振动给料机动力学分析的正确性。同时，实验表明双质体振动给料机的工作性能和振动特性能够满足设计要求。对给料槽体进行了自由模态试验，测得了给料槽体的固有频率和振型，结果表明试验模态分析结果和理论模态分析结果基本一致，验证了所建立的有限元模型的合理性。
[Abstract]:Double-body vibration feeder is a kind of feeding equipment widely used in the fields of metallurgy, coal, power, chemical industry, building materials, light industry and grain. At present, most of the double-body vibration feeder adopts the design method of the experience data and the safety factor, and the working dynamic characteristics of the structure are not fully considered, therefore, the design rationality of the product structure cannot be ensured, the power consumption is high, the amplitude is not stable, the output is low, the noise is large, Short service life and the like. Therefore, using the modern design method to study and manufacture the double-body vibration feeder, improve the design level, shorten the product development cycle and improve the product reliability have become an important research subject. In this paper, the design technology of double-body vibration feeder is studied by means of the modern design methods such as virtual design, dynamic design, finite element analysis and dynamic simulation. Based on the working principle of the double-body vibration feeder and the study of the motion form of the material in the feed tank, the displacement, velocity, acceleration, the theoretical average speed of the material movement and the calculation of the yield are derived. The selection principle and method of the process parameters of the double-body vibration feeder are summarized, the influence parameters of the material movement speed are analyzed, and the optimization meter is optimized by using the MATLAB optimization toolbox. In this paper, the best kinematics parameter of the material of the small-angle elliptical vibrating feeder at the maximum conveying speed in the casting motion is obtained. In this paper, the dynamic model and four-degree-of-freedom vibration equation of the double-body vibration feeder are established, and the solution of the vibration equation is given. The analysis of the vibration equation shows that the vibration of the double-body vibration feeder before and after the vibration of the double-body vibration feeder is not passing through the center of mass of the machine body. On the basis of this, it is proposed that the double-body vibration feeder can reduce the front and rear swing vibration. The dynamic parameters of the double-body vibration feeder are also calculated, and the basis of the creation and dynamic simulation of the finite element model is provided. The three-dimensional model of the double-body vibration feeder is established by using the three-dimensional CAD drawing software SolidWorks, and the virtual assembly, the interference inspection and the complete machine of the feeder are completed. The second development of SolidWorks is carried out with Visual Basic, the human-computer interaction interface is established, the model updating of different parameters is realized through Visual Basic programming, the automatic generation of a parameter and the re-assembly of the model are realized, and the three-dimensional solid model is realized to the two-dimensional drawing automatic conversion in order to be straight and the virtual design system of the double-body vibration feeder is established by the function of the above-in-one function, the development period of the product is effectively shortened, the manufacturing cost is saved, the production cost is improved, The design quality is designed. The three-dimensional CAD drawing software SolidWorks, the finite element analysis software ANSYS, the multi-body dynamics simulation software MSC. ADAMS combined simulation technology, the rigid-flexible coupling virtual prototype model of the double-body vibration feeder is established, and the dynamic simulation analysis is carried out to obtain the motion of the complete machine. Mechanical and dynamic parameters, main vibration spring and vibration isolation spring force curve and vibration side The results show that the feeder will swing before and after the starting and stopping phases, but the amplitude is not large, the vibration isolation spring can bear the large impact load, the shear failure is easy to occur, the force of the main vibration spring is very small at the start and stop stages, The amplitude is stable at the time of operation, and the damage form is mainly the fatigue failure of the stable stage; the average vibration direction angle of the double-body vibration feeder is 34.8 掳, and the theoretical design value The comparison between the simulation results and the theoretical calculation results shows that the two have good consistency, thus the correctness and the simulation of the dynamic simulation model of the double-body vibration feeder are proved. The reliability of the real results is obtained. The finite element analysis software ANSYS is applied to the free mode analysis of the feeding tank body. The results show that the feeding tank works at the rated working frequency without resonance phenomenon, and the whole machine of the double-body vibration feeder is restrained. The results show that the double-body vibration feeder can successfully overcome the resonance and realize the level analysis. The fatigue analysis of the key vulnerable parts such as the main vibration spring and the feeding tank body is carried out by using the ANSYS Workbench software, and the fatigue analysis parameters such as the life chart, the damage map and the safety coefficient are obtained, and the weak link, the non-safety and the damage area of the spring are determined, and the analysis is further analyzed. the rationality of the structural design is reasonable, and the service life is estimated, A no-load experiment is carried out on the double-body vibration feeder, and the motion track and the vibration direction angle of each measuring point are measured. The experimental results are consistent with the theoretical analysis results and the simulation results, and the double-body vibration is proved to be The dynamic analysis of the machine is correct. At the same time, the experiment shows that the working performance and the vibration of the double-body vibration feeder The dynamic characteristics can meet the design requirements. The free mode test of the feeding tank body is carried out, and the natural frequency and the vibration mode of the feeding tank body are measured. The results show that the experimental modal analysis results are consistent with the theoretical mode analysis results, and the built-in results are verified.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TH237.1

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