装载机行星式变速箱工作性能分析

发布时间：2019-06-19 06:51

【摘要】：目前,行星齿轮传动在工程机械领域应用广泛,与其他齿轮传动相比,其具有体积小、重量轻、结构紧凑、传递效率高等优点。但在行星变速箱设计过程中,各构件转速、转矩变化特征,各挡位传递效率大小,各挡位功率流向以及是否存在封闭功率等问题仍值得重点研究。此外,轮齿啮合力变化特征、轮齿应力分布以及轮齿关键节点应力动态特性等也需重点关注。本文的行星变速箱研究得到了国家自然科学基金项目“轮式工程车辆传动系载荷谱关键技术研究”(项目编号：50805065)的资助,以某型号装载机行星变速箱为研究对象,对变速箱传动比、转速、转矩以及传递效率进行理论分析；建立传动系统仿真模型,利用ADAMS和Simulink软件建立变速箱联合仿真模型,分析不同挡位下变速箱的工作性能；对变速箱中关键齿轮进行柔性化,利用Hypermesh及RecurDyn软件建立变速箱刚柔混合模型,分析轮齿啮合力变化特征、轮齿应力分布以及轮齿关键节点动态特性。论文主要工作和内容如下： (1)通过查阅和分析大量文献资料,综述了行星变速箱国内外研究概况及选题背景和意义；并对目前存在的问题,提出本文研究的基本方法和主要内容。 (2)本文以某型号装载机行星式动力换挡变速箱为研究对象,阐述了该变速箱的工作原理,理论分析了行星变速箱各挡位下各构件的转速、转矩以及变速箱传递效率。 (3)本文分别建立了发动机和液力变矩器仿真模型,变速箱虚拟样机模型,驱动桥、整车仿真模型等。并对以行星变速箱虚拟样机模型为核心,以传动系统仿真模型为控制输入、变速箱各工况性能为输出的系统进行联合仿真分析,为变速箱的理论系统研究提供基础。 (4)针对行星变速箱各种不同工况条件下的工作特性进行仿真分析。主要分析了同一挡位下各行星排转速转矩变化特征、传递效率以及变速箱总传递效率；不同挡位下各排各构件转速转矩变化特征,离合器和制动器转矩变化特征,传递效率以及功率流向；分析对比同一挡位下各行星排传递效率以及功率流向；分析对比不同挡位下传递效率以及功率流向。结果表明,同一挡位时,第V排传递效率最低,其余各排传递效率均高于97%,前进挡比后退挡传递效率高,不同挡位时,前进Ⅱ挡传递效率最高,前进Ⅰ挡和Ⅳ挡传递效率最低。 (5)利用Hypermesh及RecurDyn软件建立变速箱刚柔混合模型,分别在空载Ⅰ挡起步、满载Ⅰ挡起步及空载Ⅱ挡起步三种工况下,对各行星排轮齿啮合力变化特征、轮齿应力分布以及轮齿关键节点应力动态特性进行分析。结果表明,轮齿齿顶附近节点应力比节圆、齿根附近节点要大,齿顶两侧比中间应力相对要大。
[Abstract]:At present, planet gear transmission is widely used in the field of construction machinery. Compared with other gear drives, planet gear transmission has the advantages of small volume, light weight, compact structure, high transmission efficiency and so on. However, in the process of planet gearbox design, the speed and torque variation characteristics of each component, the transmission efficiency of each block, the power flow direction of each block and the existence of closed power are still worthy of focus study. In addition, the variation characteristics of gear tooth meshing force, the stress distribution of gear teeth and the stress dynamic characteristics of key nodes of gear teeth also need to be paid attention to. The research of planet gearbox in this paper is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Natural Science Foundation of China) "Research on the key Technology of load Spectrum of Wheel Engineering vehicle Transmission system" (project number: 50805065). The transmission ratio, speed, torque and transmission efficiency of a certain type of loader are analyzed theoretically. The transmission system simulation model is established, and the joint gearbox simulation model is established by using ADAMS and Simulink software to analyze the working performance of the gearbox under different gears. The key gears in the gearbox are flexible, and the rigid-flexible mixed model of the gearbox is established by using Hypermesh and RecurDyn software. The variation characteristics of gear tooth meshing force, the stress distribution of gear teeth and the dynamic characteristics of key nodes of gear teeth are analyzed. The main work and contents of this paper are as follows: (1) by consulting and analyzing a large number of literature, this paper summarizes the research situation, background and significance of the topic at home and abroad, and puts forward the basic methods and main contents of this paper for the existing problems. (2) taking the star power shift gearbox of a certain type of loader as the research object, this paper expounds the working principle of the gearbox, and theoretically analyzes the rotational speed, torque and transmission efficiency of each component of the planet gearbox under each gear position. (3) in this paper, the engine and hydraulic torque converter simulation model, gearbox virtual prototype model, drive axle, vehicle simulation model and so on are established. The joint simulation analysis of the system with the virtual prototype model of the planet gearbox as the core, the simulation model of the transmission system as the control input and the performance of the gearbox as the output is carried out, which provides the basis for the theoretical system research of the gearbox. (4) the working characteristics of the planet gearbox under different working conditions are simulated and analyzed. This paper mainly analyzes the torque variation characteristics, transmission efficiency and total transmission efficiency of each row under the same gear position; the speed torque variation characteristics, clutch and brake torque variation characteristics, transmission efficiency and power flow direction of each row under different gears; analyzes and compares the transmission efficiency and power flow direction of each planet row under the same gear position; and analyzes and compares the transmission efficiency and power flow direction under different gears. The results show that the transmission efficiency of the V row is the lowest, the transmission efficiency of the other rows is higher than 97%, the transmission efficiency of the forward gear is higher than that of the backward gear, and the transmission efficiency of the forward second gear is the highest, and that of the forward first gear and the fourth gear is the lowest when the forward gear is in the same position. (5) the rigid-flexible mixed model of gearbox is established by using Hypermesh and RecurDyn software. The variation characteristics of gear meshing force, stress distribution of gear teeth and stress dynamic characteristics of key nodes of gear teeth are analyzed under three working conditions: no-load first gear, full-load first gear and no-load second gear respectively. The results show that the stress of the node near the tooth top of the gear tooth is larger than that of the pitch circle, the node near the tooth root is larger, and the stress on both sides of the tooth top is relatively larger than that of the middle stress.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：TH132.46

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