甘肃某金矿矿井下涌水净化试验研究

发布时间：2018-01-02 09:48

本文关键词：甘肃某金矿矿井下涌水净化试验研究　出处：《湖南大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：矿山开采过程中会产生大量矿井涌水,其形成来自两个方面:一方面是因为采矿过程中破坏了地层原有的含水层、隔水层和导水断层,另一方面是因为采矿作业引起了围岩岩层的移动和地表塌陷,所以产生地下水或者地表水向井筒或巷道涌水的现象。井下涌水中常伴随有许多重金属、有毒有害物质,如果不经适当处理外排到附近的水系,会使得项目周边地表水和地下水受到严重污染。本课题主要对甘肃某金矿矿井下涌水中砷、锑、氰化物、COD的去除进行研究。根据当地环保部门的要求,该地区外排水水质应达到地表水环境质量标准(GB3838-2002)中Ⅱ类标准,砷的限值为≤0.05mg/L,COD限值为≤15mg/L,氰化物限值为≤0.05mg/L,锑的限值采用集中式生活饮用水地表水源地特定项目标准,限值为≤0.005mg/L。试验研究首先对砷和锑、氰化物和COD的去除分别进行研究。针对砷、锑,探究了混凝沉淀法及氧化-混凝法对这两种污染物的去除效果。针对氰化物和COD,探究了络合沉淀法和碱性氯化法除氰化物和COD的能力。最后根据对两组污染物分别进行的去除试验进行联合试验研究,提出了可使井下涌水中4种目标污染物质同时达标的试验方案。得出的主要结论如下:(1)氧化-混凝-石灰沉淀法对去除井下涌水中的砷、锑效果显著,其最佳反应条件为:FeSO_4投加量为2000 mg/L、溶解氧含量为10mg/L、曝气时间60min,石灰投加量为1000mg/L。(2)在针对氰化物和COD的试验研究中,次氯酸钙和二氧化氯具有良好的氧化效果。当氧化时间控制在45min,Ca(ClO)_2投加量为180mg/L,pH控制在10.5-11.5区间时,Ca(ClO)_2氧化去除CN-离子及COD的效果为最佳。在用二氧化氯氧化CN-离子及COD的单因素条件试验中,p H值控制在8.5-10.5,氧化30min,ClO_2投加量为7.5mg/L时,ClO_2氧化去除CN-、COD的效果为最佳。(3)根据对砷和锑、氰化物和COD分别探讨出的有效去除方法,使井下涌水中4种目标污染物质同时达标的推荐方案为:硫酸亚铁-次氯酸钙联合处理工艺或硫酸亚铁-二氧化氯联合处理工艺。
[Abstract]:In the process of mining will produce a large number of mine water, its formation from two aspects: one is because the mining process destroys the original formation aquifer, aquiclude and water conductive fault, on the other hand because of mining operations caused by the surrounding rock movement and surface subsidence, so groundwater or surface water into the well or roadway water gushing phenomenon. Underground water inflow is often accompanied with many heavy metals, toxic and harmful substances, if not treated properly discharged into the nearby river, the project of surface water and groundwater is seriously polluted. The main topic of Gansu of a gold mine under water arsenic, antimony, cyanide, for removal of COD the local environmental protection department. According to the requirements of the region, and the outlet water quality should meet the environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002) in the class II standard, arsenic limit is less than or equal to 0.05mg/L, the limit value is less than or equal to COD 15mg/L, cyanide limit is less than 0.05mg/L, antimony limits the use of centralized drinking water sources project specific standard, the limit value for the experimental study of arsenic and antimony is less than 0.005mg/L., removal of cyanide and COD were studied. For arsenic, antimony, explores the coagulation and sedimentation method and oxidation - coagulation method of the two kinds of pollutants removal efficiency. For cyanide and COD, to explore the complex precipitation method and alkaline chlorination and cyanide removal ability of COD. Based on the test of the two groups were respectively the removal of pollutants were combined with experimental research, put forward the test scheme and standard 4 kinds of target pollutants in underground water inflow. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) oxidation coagulation precipitation on the removal of underground water gushing in arsenic, antimony effect, the optimum reaction conditions were FeSO_4 dosage is 2000 mg/L, the dissolved oxygen content of 10mg/L, aeration 60min, the lime dosage of 1000mg/L. (2) in the experimental study on cyanide and COD, calcium hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide oxidation has a good effect. When the oxidation time of 45min and Ca (ClO) _2 dosage of 180mg/L, pH control in the range of 10.5-11.5, Ca and CN- (ClO) ion removal COD oxidation of _2 had the best effect. In the condition of single factor with chlorine dioxide oxidation of CN- ion and COD test, P H control in 8.5-10.5, the oxidation of 30min, ClO_2 dosage is 7.5mg/L, the removal of CN- ClO_2 oxidation, COD had the best effect. (3) according to the method of effectively removing arsenic and antimony. Cyanide and COD respectively to explore the recommended scheme of the underground water gushing, 4 kinds of target pollutants and standard: ferrous sulfate and calcium hypochlorite treatment process or ferrous sulfate and chlorine dioxide combined process.

【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TD742

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