露天煤矿污染源分布特征及生态文明评价指标体系构建

发布时间：2018-01-09 22:06

本文关键词：露天煤矿污染源分布特征及生态文明评价指标体系构建　出处：《中国矿业大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：基于生态文明因素及合理先进性、综合代表性、结果优先性和超前引领性的原则,建立了露天煤矿生态文明评价指标体系,为露天矿生态文明建设水平提供了评价手段。论文提出了四级评价指标,并给出了相应的计算公式。采用定性分析与定量分析相结合的方法进行综合评价,通过对评价结果和关键影响因素进行分析,得出固、气、液污染及其治理水平是影响露天矿生态文明发展水平的重要因素。基于以上原因,分别对露天煤矿固、气、液态污染源污染规律及其治理策略进行了深入研究。对露天矿区固态粉尘污染物进行分析,建立了污染物的分类系统,确定了污染源、传递介质和污染受众这三个关键因素。以具体矿山为例,根据流体力学理论和数值模拟方法分析了污染物在采场内运移时随风力所能达到的区域以及主要的影响范围。揭示了不同风向和风速时采场、外排土场的风力流线、风压、风速变化规律。地表结构突变是造成风力结构改变的主要因素,外排土场、采场迎风面的风压最大,坡顶线位置的风速最大。采场背风面一侧500m范围内是负压形成区,容易形成坑内环流,该范围内主要属于内部尘源污染区,随着距离的延伸,风压不断减小,采场迎风面边坡有大量排土场颗粒污染物聚集,该区域采场属于排土场粉尘污染区。露天煤矿气体污染源以燃油、炸药、逸散和自燃这四个方面产生的温室气体为主,基于化学方程建立了四种污染源的碳排放量计算方法。以具体矿山为例,通过对露天矿不同生产环节和开采工艺的碳排放量进行核算,确定了半连续工艺的平均碳排放量最小,并确定了提升燃油洁净度和选择更为低碳的动力源、及时复垦绿化和制定相应的碳税政策等措施来改善露天矿温室气体的排放现状,对露天矿气体污染和温室效应起到较好的控制作用。露天煤矿造成的液体污染主要是硫化物造成的酸性液体和重金属溶液污染为主。基于饱和渗流和非饱和渗流的基本理论,分析了大气降水的入渗规律。借助理论分析和数值模拟对具体的矿山液体渗流进行了研究,揭示了弥勒山心村露天矿液体污染物的渗流规律及对边坡稳定性产生的影响。液体污染物入渗的过程中,渗透的势能差随着深度增加逐步减小。通过对弥勒山心村露天矿采场边坡台阶的坡顶线和坡底线的10个监测点数据进行分析,揭示了监测点的孔隙水压力随着时间的发展迅速呈线性降低,监测点位置越高,孔隙水压力的量值越大。每个监测点的水头高度发展规律与孔隙水压力分布规律基本一致,渗流过程中X方向的水流速度和水流传导率比Y方向大。边坡坡脚位置的累计渗流量最大,是渗流和重金属固集的关键位置。基于液体污染物的渗流规律和影响范围,提供了弥勒山心村露天矿的酸性液体治理和重金属固集方案,为弥勒山心村露天矿液体及重金属污染物防治提供了有力的技术支持。通过对我国三个大型露天矿山企业的生态文明建设水平进行评价,得到了三个矿企的生态文明建设水平情况均达到中级水平,准能公司已接近高级水平阶段。分析总结了这三座露天矿的生态文明建设取得了初步的成果,并针对准能集团露天矿的粉尘污染问题、中煤平朔公司的温室气体排放问题和弥勒露天矿区的液体污染问题进行了具体的分析,给出了切实可行的污染防治措施。为我国露天矿生态文明建设和发展提供良好的研究思路和实践经验。
[Abstract]:Based on the ecological civilization factors and reasonable advanced, comprehensive representative results, priority and advance leading principle, establish the evaluation index system of opencast mine ecological civilization, provides a means for the evaluation of the level of ecological civilization construction of open-pit mine. The paper puts forward four evaluation indexes, and the corresponding formulas are given. The comprehensive evaluation using the method of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, the influencing factors on the evaluation results and key analysis, draw solid, gas, liquid pollution and governance is an important factor affecting the open-pit mine ecological civilization development level. Based on the above reasons, respectively for opencast coal mine solid, gas, liquid pollution source pollution law and its management strategy were studied. For opencast mine solid dust pollutants analysis, establishes the classification system of pollutants, the pollution source, pollution transfer medium and audience The three key factors. In the specific mine for example, according to the theory of fluid mechanics and numerical simulation method to analyze the pollutant transport moves with the force of the wind in the stope can reach the area as well as the main influence range. Reveal the different wind direction and wind speed when the stope, dump the wind flow line, wind pressure, variation the surface wind speed. Structural change is the main factor causing wind structure change, dump, stope windward wind maximum wind speed, the top line position. The stope leeward side of the range of 500m is the formation of negative pressure area, easy to form a pit of circulation, the range mainly belongs to the internal dust pollution area, with the from the extension of the pressure decreases, the windward slope of stope has gathered a large dump of particulate pollutants, this area belongs to the stope dump dust pollution area. Opencast coal mine gas pollution source to fuel, explosives, emission and combustion Greenhouse gases produced in these four aspects, based on the chemical equation of carbon emissions of four kinds of pollution sources. The specific calculation method to mine as an example, to calculate the carbon emission by different production processes and production technology of open-pit mine, the average carbon emissions of semi continuous process and to determine the minimum. Improve fuel cleanliness and choose more power and low carbon emissions of greenhouse gases in improving the status of open-pit mine reclamation and afforestation and formulate corresponding carbon tax policy and other measures to control, to good effect on mine gas pollution and greenhouse effect. Liquid pollution is mainly caused by opencast coal mine acidic liquid and heavy metal pollution solution caused by sulfide mainly. The saturated unsaturated seepage theory and based on the analysis of the infiltration of atmospheric precipitation. By means of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation of mine liquid concrete Seepage is studied, revealing the seepage law of the heart of the village of Maitreya mountain open-pit mine liquid pollutant and the influence on slope stability. The liquid pollutant infiltration process, the osmotic potential difference gradually decreases with the increase of depth. The 10 monitoring points through the heart of Maitreya mountain village data mining field slope step slope the bottom line of the line and slope analysis shows that pore water pressure monitoring points with time rapidly decreases and the monitoring points of the higher the position, the pore water pressure value is greater. The head height of each monitoring point the development of pore water pressure distribution is basically the same, the X direction in the percolation process the water flow velocity and flow conductivity than Y direction. The slope position of the cumulative maximum seepage flow is the key position, and the heavy metal seepage set. The seepage law of liquid solid pollutants and the influence range based on the provided The heart of the village of acidic liquid governance in Maitreya mountain open-pit mine and heavy metals in solid solution, provides strong technical support for the prevention and treatment of the heart of the village of Maitreya mountain open-pit mine liquid and heavy metal pollutants. Evaluated by the level of ecological civilization construction of three large open-pit mine enterprises, the level of ecological civilization construction of three mines prices have reached the intermediate level, Zhunneng company has been close to the advanced level. Analyzed and summarized the construction of ecological civilization in the three open-pit mine achieved preliminary results, and the needle can alignment problem of dust pollution group of open-pit mine, analyzes the liquid pollution problem of Pingshuo Company greenhouse gas emissions and Maitreya open in the practical pollution prevention measures are given. To provide a good research ideas and practical experience for China's open-pit mine ecological civilization construction and development.

【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X752;X82

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