基于地震波能量的边坡爆破安全评价方法研究

发布时间：2018-01-22 06:40

本文关键词： 爆破振动信号能量 HHT分析安全评价指标　出处：《辽宁科技大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着爆破技术在国民经济各个领域的广泛应用,爆破施工中所产生的振动危害也日趋严重,并逐渐成为影响周围环境安全的主要危害之一。虽然国内外研究者对爆破振动进行了大量理论和实践研究并取得了一定成果,但是由于爆破地震波所具有的随机性、模糊性和不确定性,这些特性都大大增加了爆破振动分析和爆破振动效应控制的难度。因而,爆破振动相关研究仍然是一项复杂而又艰巨的研究课题。在矿山中,爆破振动不仅会降低炸药中能量的有效利用率,还会影响边坡和周围建筑物的稳定性,甚至直接制约着矿山企业的长远发展。基于此,结合大孤山铁矿、东鞍山铁矿和齐大山铁矿,通过制定爆破测振方案并现场操作采集数据,然后应用小波分析法和Hibert-Huang(HHT)分析法,对爆破振动信号的能量频带分布进行研究。主要内容和结论性成果如下:(1)依据三座矿山中设计的测振试验方案,经现场操作采集,然后导出汇总并进行初步分析。同时,使用BLASTER’S RANGER II爆破高速摄影仪对爆破过程进行冲炮效果分析、爆堆和爆破粉尘变换分析以及爆破振动情况分析,从而获得炸药爆破之后能量变换的趋势。最后,求出萨道夫斯基公式中的参数,获得预测公式。(2)通过基于小波变换的不同频带能量分布特征的分析,可以获得爆破振动信号主要成分集中在中高频区段,而在低频区段成分所占比例非常小。虽然能量在中高频区间上所占比例较大,但是在区域分布上,却表现出极大的不均匀情况,甚至在大区域内又出现一些局部的“再分中心”。(3)通过利用HHT分析法可以获得三个方案中不同位置处的三维能量谱、瞬时能量谱和频带能量占总能量的比例等情况,并进行对比分析。以上分析形象直观的表现出了不同位置处的能量分布情况,并揭示了地震波能量在传播过程中随距离而变化的衰减规律。(4)考虑单一指标评价方法的局限性,提出基于矿山并能综合表述质点峰值振动速度、频率、持续时间和累积效应等因素的方法—TIE(Total Input Energy),同时建立基于矿山的TIE爆破振动安全评价指标。采用该指标对以上三座矿山的实测信号进行分析,与实际调查情况对比,并评价TIE指标的适用性。该指标为:当TIE0.9时,爆破振动对矿山边坡不构成危害;当TIE≥0.9时,爆破振动将可能对矿山边坡构成危害。
[Abstract]:With the wide application of blasting technology in all fields of national economy, the vibration generated in blasting construction has become more and more serious, and gradually become the influence of environment safety around one of the main hazards. Although the domestic and foreign research on blasting vibration of a large number of theoretical and practical research and achieved certain results, but because of randomness with blasting the seismic wave, fuzziness and uncertainty, these characteristics have greatly increased the difficulty of blasting vibration control and analysis of blasting vibration effect. Therefore, the related research of blasting vibration is a complex and difficult research topic. In the mine, the blasting vibration will not only reduce the effective use of explosive energy rate, but also stability effect of slope and surrounding buildings, and even directly restricts the long-term development of mining enterprises. Based on this, combined with the Dagushan Iron Mine, Anshan iron ore and Qi Dashan Through the development of iron ore, blasting vibration scheme and field operation data, then the application of wavelet analysis and Hibert-Huang (HHT) analysis, study of energy band distribution of blasting vibration signals. The main contents and conclusions are as follows: (1) based on the vibration test design of three mines in the field operation, acquisition. And then summary and preliminary analysis. At the same time, analyze the effect of blasting gun punching process using BLASTER 'S RANGER II blasting high-speed camera, blasting and blasting dust transformation analysis and blasting vibration situation analysis, so as to obtain the blasting energy after transformation trend. Finally, calculate the parameters of SA Tao Minkowski formula the prediction formula (2). Through the analysis of different frequency band energy distribution based on wavelet transform, can obtain the main components of blasting vibration signals concentrated in high frequency section, and in The range of the low proportion is very small. Although the energy in the high frequency range of the larger proportion, but the distribution in the region, but showed uneven greatly, even in a large area and some local "sub center". (3) to obtain three-dimensional energy at different positions of the three scheme the spectrum by using HHT analysis method, instantaneous energy spectrum and frequency band energy proportion of the total energy, and comparative analysis. The above analysis visually showed energy distribution at different positions, and reveals the attenuation of seismic wave energy in the process of communication with the distance changes. (4 considering the limitation of single index) evaluation method, and comprehensively put forward mine frequency peak particle vibration velocity, based on the TIE method of duration and cumulative effect factors (Total Input Energy), at the same time, based on the TIE blasting vibration safety evaluation of mine were analyzed with the measured signal. For more than three mines in the index, and the actual investigation and comparison, the applicability of the evaluation of TIE index. The index is: when TIE0.9, blasting vibration on mine slope does not constitute a hazard; when TIE = 0.9, blasting vibration will be harm to the mine slope.

【学位授予单位】：辽宁科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TD235;TD854.6

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