山区地形对采动建筑物的影响及保护煤柱留设研究

发布时间：2018-02-11 07:50

本文关键词： 山区地形建筑物坡度采空区位置移动角保护煤柱　出处：《太原理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：煤炭资源的大规模开采促进了国民经济的发展和人民生活的改善，但随之而来的开采沉陷问题对矿区建（构）筑物和生态环境造成了严重的破坏，影响到矿区人民的正常生活。因而开采沉陷一直是一个备受人们关注的问题。我国大约有三分之一以上的煤矿位于山区，山区地表移动变形特征受地形因素的影响，与平地有明显区别。如果将现有的平地开采沉陷理论完全应用到山区必然会产生较大误差，从而极可能使得矿区内地表建筑物规划和井下保护煤柱留设不合理，造成地表建筑物在不同程度上的破坏。因此研究山区地表移动变形规律及保护煤柱留设对山区地表建筑物的保护有重要意义。本文从理论分析和实测研究两方面着手，分析了地形引起的滑移附加变形对采动建筑物的影响。同时，以山西某矿地质条件为基础，通过Midas GTS数值模拟软件建立了不同坡度及不同开采位置相互组合条件下的山区开采沉陷模型，对不同坡度影响下的地表移动变形特征进行了系统分析研究。在此基础上建立了移动角与地表坡度的一元线性回归模型，为山区地面建筑物保护煤柱设计参数的合理选择提供了参考，并通过山西某矿保护煤柱留设实例，验证了坡度影响下的移动角计算公式的可靠性。论文主要研究成果如下： 1.建筑物位于山谷位置或变坡点时，采动滑移引起的变形较为严重，建筑物极易受到破坏；建筑物位于山顶时，采动滑移引起的变形较小，建筑物较为安全。 2.地表坡度是影响山区地表移动变形的重要因素。地表坡度越大，采动滑移对地表移动变形的影响越大，变化趋势越明显。 3.山区地表移动与变形分布曲线不再具有对称性；五种移动变形曲线中，地形对下沉分布曲线形态的影响最小；与竖直方向相比，水平方向的移动变形对地形的变化更为敏感。 4.山区地表移动变形规律与采空区和坡体的相对位置有关。采空区位于山脚时，采动滑移主要影响下坡部位；采空区位于坡体正下方时，采动滑移对下坡部位地表移动的影响比上坡部位更明显；采空区位于坡顶正下方时，采动滑移主要影响上坡部位。 5.地表发生连续的移动变形时，移动角与地表坡度之间存在显著线性关系。倾斜方向与下沉盆地方向相同时，移动角随地表坡度增加线性递减，，下沉盆地移动边界向外偏移；斜坡倾斜方向与下沉盆地方向相反时，移动角随地表坡度增加线性递增，下沉盆地移动边界向内偏移。
[Abstract]:The large-scale exploitation of coal resources to promote the development of the national economy and the improvement of people's life, but the attendant problems of mining subsidence in mining area is built (structure) of buildings and ecological environment caused serious damage, affect the normal life of people in the mining area. Thus the mining subsidence has been a major concern of the people.
There are about more than 1/3 of the coal mine is located in the mountainous areas of our country, the mountain of surface movement and deformation characteristics affected by topography, has the obvious difference with the ground. If the existing ground theory of mining subsidence completely applied to the mountain would have a larger error, which may make the mining area planning and building the surface underground protective coal pillar is not reasonable and the surface caused by the destruction of buildings in different degree. Therefore the study of mountain surface movement and deformation of coal pillar for protection and protection of mountain surface buildings have important significance.
This article from the two aspects of the theoretical analysis and experimental research to analysis the slip caused by Terrain Deformation on the additional mining effect of the building. At the same time, the geological conditions of a mine in Shanxi as the basis, through the Midas GTS numerical simulation software to establish the different slopes and different position under the condition of combined mining mountainous mining subsidence model, surface movement and deformation the characteristics of different slope under the influence is studied. System analysis is established based on the linear movement angle and surface slope of the regression model, which provides a reference for the reasonable selection of mountain ground building protection design parameters of coal pillar, and through a Shanxi mine protection coal pillar design examples to verify the reliability of mobile slope effect the formula for calculating the angle. The main achievements are as follows:
1., when the building is located at the valley location or change point, the deformation caused by mining slide is more serious, and the building is easily damaged. When the building is located at the top of the mountain, the deformation caused by mining slide is smaller, and the building is safer.
2., surface slope is an important factor that influences surface movement and deformation in mountainous area. The greater the surface slope is, the greater the impact of mining slip on surface movement and deformation is, the more obvious the trend of change is.
3., the distribution curve of surface movement and deformation in mountain area is no longer symmetrical. In the five mobile deformation curves, topography has the least influence on the shape of subsidence distribution curve. Compared with vertical direction, the horizontal movement and deformation are more sensitive to the change of terrain.
4. mountain ground deformation and the relative position of the goaf and the slope. The goaf lies at the foot of the mountain, the main effect of downhill mining sliding parts; goaf is located just below the slope, the influence of mining surface movement slip on the downhill position is more obvious than the uphill parts; mined out area at the top of slope below, the main effect of the mining area. The slip uphill
5. consecutive surface movement and deformation, a significant linear relationship between the surface slope angle and the tilt direction. With the sinking basin to the same angle with the moving surface slope increased linearly, the sinking basin outward moving boundary migration; in the opposite direction and the inclined angle of the mobile sink basin, the surface slope of linear increase increase mobile sink basin border inward offset.

【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD325

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