某硬岩矿山无阶段矿柱开采岩爆诱发倾向及失稳控制研究

发布时间：2018-02-21 17:17

本文关键词： 岩爆倾向性嗣后充填充填体矿柱正交试验数值模拟　出处：《江西理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：早期用空场法回采的矿山,经过多年的开采,遗留下大量采空区,引发地表塌陷等地压活动,诱发岩爆等各类地压灾害,给矿山带来严重的安全威胁。因此,准确判定围岩的岩爆倾向性和安全经济的治理采空区,做到岩爆与空区防治同步,保证矿山的可持续开采,是多数硬岩矿山迫切需要解决的重大技术问题。本文以某铅锌矿为工程实例,运用现场调查、现场监测、理论分析、正交试验和数值模拟等手段和方法进行岩石岩爆倾向性判定和胶结充填体矿柱高度优化研究,主要研究内容及成果包括:(1)在现场进行岩爆情况调查,采集了6种主要围岩岩样,进行力学参数测试,利用广义Hoek-Brown准则进行折减,得到了各类型岩石和岩体的力学参数,为后续的计算和分析提供准确的基础资料。(2)通过测试与计算,得出6种岩石的弹性能量指数WET、冲击能量指数WCF、有效冲击能量指数W、脆性系数K和最大储存弹性应变能指标Es等5种岩爆倾向性指标值。将5种岩爆倾向性指标值算术相加,提出了岩石岩爆倾向性综合判定指标R。利用该指标可以准确的判定岩石的岩爆倾向。(3)将岩爆控制与空区治理相结合,提出将现有的采矿方法改为分段空场嗣后充填法。划分标准矿块进行回采,回采结束后,先充填1:4尾砂胶结充填体矿柱,上部在用1:10尾砂胶结充填体全部充填,保障矿山的安全、可持续回采。(4)分析得出影响胶结充填体矿柱高度的主要因素是跨度l,上部载荷q,充填体容重?、内摩擦角?和内聚力c。通过数值模拟正交试验,得出,胶结充填体矿柱高度与跨度、内摩擦角呈非线性增函数关系,与内聚力呈非线性减函数关系,与上部载荷呈线性增函数关系,容重对胶结充填矿柱高度基本没有影响。(5)经过单因素变化和多因素组合回归分析,建立出多因素组合影响下胶结充填体矿柱高度的数学预测模型。该模型具有一定的普适性,对其他类似工程具有参考和借鉴价值。(6)结合现场实际,选取3-6#矿体的43、45和49勘探线剖面建立计算模型,进行数值模拟。得出,按照预测高度进行充填的方法,能在回采过程中和最终充填后保证矿山的安全,同时,现场应力监测表明充填有效的起到岩爆和空区防治的作用。证明,所提出的防治方法和数学预测模型是准确、合理的。
[Abstract]:After many years of mining, a large number of goaf were left behind, which caused ground pressure activities such as ground collapse, induced rockburst and other ground pressure disasters, and brought serious safety threat to the mine. To determine accurately the rockburst tendency of surrounding rock and to control the goaf safely and economically, so as to ensure the sustainable mining of the mine by synchronizing the rock burst with the prevention and treatment of the goaf. This paper takes a lead and zinc mine as an engineering example, using field investigation, field monitoring and theoretical analysis. Orthogonal test and numerical simulation are used to determine the tendency of rock burst and optimize the height of cemented backfill pillar. The main research contents and results include the investigation of rock burst on site, and the collection of six kinds of rock samples of main surrounding rock. The mechanical parameters of various types of rock and rock mass are obtained by means of the generalized Hoek-Brown criterion, which provides accurate basic data for subsequent calculation and analysis. The elastic energy index (WET), impact energy index (WCF), effective impact energy index (WF), brittle coefficient K (K) and maximum stored elastic strain energy index (es) of six kinds of rock are obtained. In this paper, a comprehensive evaluation index of rock burst tendency is put forward, which can be used to determine the rock burst tendency accurately. The rock burst control is combined with the control of the void area. It is put forward that the existing mining method should be changed into sublevel goaf subsequent filling method. After mining, 1: 4 tailing cemented backfill pillar is filled first, and the upper part is filled with 1:10 tailings cemented filling body. The main factors influencing the height of cemented backfill pillar are span l, upper load Q and bulk density of filling body. Angle of internal friction. By numerical simulation orthogonal test, it is concluded that the height of cemented filling body is nonlinear increasing function with span, internal friction angle, nonlinear decreasing function with cohesion force, linear increasing function relationship with upper load. There is no effect of bulk density on the height of cemented filling pillar. (5) through single factor change and multiple factor combination regression analysis, a mathematical prediction model of cemented filling pillar height is established under the influence of multiple factors combination. The model has certain universality. For other similar projects, it has reference value and reference value. (6) combined with the actual situation in the field, the section of 43X45 and 49 exploration lines of 3-6 # ore body is selected to establish the calculation model and carry on the numerical simulation. The method of filling according to the predicted height is obtained. It can ensure the safety of the mine during the mining process and after the final filling. At the same time, the field stress monitoring shows that the filling plays an effective role in the prevention of rock burst and the prevention of the empty area. It is proved that the proposed prevention method and mathematical prediction model are accurate and reasonable.
【学位授予单位】：江西理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD853.34

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