姚家山千米深井冲击地压灾害预测和防治技术研究

发布时间：2018-02-21 20:25

本文关键词： 千米深井综放开采冲击地压冲击灾害防治 FLAC3D　出处：《太原理工大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：冲击地压是一种破坏性极强的煤岩体动力现象。随着我国煤矿采掘深度的不断增加,冲击地压发生的概率也不断升高,我国首次出现冲击地压是在地下200m深度,即将出版的煤矿新规程规定,所有采掘深度超过400m的煤矿,都必须经过冲击地压的检测工作,所以现在冲击地压越来越受到煤矿以及学术界的关注,目前其发生机理被广泛认同的一种说法是,煤岩体中所赋含的弹性能过载,使得煤岩体不能维持极限平衡状态,且其在释放弹性能的时候,释放时间极短,这就造成了冲击地压检测的困难性。发生的随机性以及形成机理的说法不一,也造成了冲击地压预测的不准确性。冲击地压所抛出的煤岩体对工作面或巷道空间中的人员以及机械设备造成损害。由此,冲击地压作为一种受地质条件影响的并与开采过程密切相关的灾害,其强大的破坏性对煤矿工作面以及巷道都具有极大的威胁,并且煤岩体在释放能量瞬间还会产生声波引起震动,波及的范围会更广,很容易导致工作面支架倾倒以及破损,抛出的煤岩体很容易导致巷道以及工作面的堵塞。特别是冲击地压比较剧烈时,其产生的声波以及震动的表现形式就是矿震,矿震不仅对煤矿工作面及巷道破坏很大,有可能还会波及到地面建筑物或者地表。近年来,国内外专家对于冲击地压都做过很多的研究,但因冲击地压发生具有多样性、随机性和突然性,在其发生之前并没有明显的迹象以及可靠的单一指标能够预示冲击地压灾害。构成冲击地压发生的影响因素很多,各因素之间相互作用对冲击地压的剧烈程度的影响并没有一个准确的判断指标,所以对冲击地压的预测和防治并不能达到完全杜绝的程度,在煤矿灾害中尚属难以完全避免和圆满解决的重大技术问题。本文以姚家山矿作为研究目标,对姚家山矿其初步设计开采的两组主采煤层群,开采深度为1000~1300m。现阶段姚家山矿主要对一采区进行规划设计,决定进行生产,所以主要对一采区的8个工作面、其上下顺槽以及一采区上下山是否具有冲击地压可能性以及冲击地压危险性进行评估,结合姚家山矿井一采区的工作面开采条件、上下煤层之间的关系以及地质条件对其是否具备冲击地压可能性进行分析。首先通过关键层理论确定一采区首采煤层4+5号煤层(两煤层之间夹矸很少,可以进行统采)的初次来压步距以及周其来压步距来判断应力集中峰值时煤层是否发生冲击地压,然后再采用煤层埋深、倾角以及FLAC3D对其危险区域进行预测以及验证。根据以上结论提出解决方案达到防治冲击地压的目的,对以下四个方面进行探讨分析:(1)通过关键层理论,确定煤层上方关键层并计算其初次破断距以及周期破断距,以此来估算煤壁以及工作面的应力集中数值,然后根据强度理论确定工作面以及上下顺槽是否具有发生冲击地压的可能性。(2)通过经验类比法来对工作面以及上下顺槽冲击地压的危险性进行评估,确定高危区域,为姚家山矿冲击地压防治对策的选择提供依据。(3)依据煤层倾角、高程等地质赋存条件对井田内部各采区冲击危险区域进行划分,采用FLAC3D软件进行煤层工作现场推进过程模拟,以此对工作面、上下顺槽可能发生冲击地压的区域进行划分。(4)通过理论论证,下保护层开采和放顶煤开采对防治冲击地压的影响程度及优越性,确定放顶煤开采可以防治工作面发生冲击地压并满足生产要求,制定局部冲击防治措施,并给出具体方案。
[Abstract]:Rockburst is a dynamic phenomenon of coal and rock a destructive. With the increase of China's coal mining depth, the probability of rock burst is also rising, China's first rockburst in underground coal mine 200m depth, the new rules will be published regulations, all excavation depth more than 400m of the coal mine, must after detection of rockburst, so now more and more coal mine rockburst and attention in academic circles, a claim is the mechanism widely accepted is assigned, the elastic energy in coal and rock mass with overload, make coal rock can not maintain the limit equilibrium state, and in the release of elastic properties. The release time is very short, which resulted in the difficulty of burst detection. The randomness and the mechanism of the formation of a statement, also caused the rockburst forecasting inaccuracy. Rock burst by throwing The coal and rock damage to the work surface or roadway space as well as the mechanical equipment. Therefore, as a kind of rockburst affected by the geological conditions and is closely related with the mining process of the disaster, the destructive power of the coal face and roadway has a great threat, and instantly release energy in coal and rock mass will produce sound waves caused by vibration, and the scope will be broader, easily lead to face support dumping and damage, the coal rock thrown easily lead to clogging of roadway and working face. Especially when the rockburst is severe, and the form of shock wave generated is mine earthquake, not only for the coal mine mine earthquake and the great damage, may also spread to the buildings on the ground or surface. In recent years, domestic and foreign experts for rockburst have done a lot of research, but because of the impact of ground pressure. Students have the diversity, random and sudden, before it occurs, there is no evidence and a single reliable index to predict rockburst disaster. Many factors influence the effect of rockburst, intense interaction between various factors of rockburst is not an accurate indicator, so on rockburst prediction and prevention and can not completely eliminate the degree, it is difficult to completely avoid and major technical problems solved in coal mine disasters. In this paper, yaojiashan mine as the research target, the Yaojia mountain mine the preliminary design of the two main coal seam group mining, mining depth of 1000~1300m. at the present stage of Yao Jiashan mine planning and design of a mining area, decided to carry out production, so the main work of the 8 coal mining face, the upper and lower trough and a mining area on the mountain with shock Pressure as well as the possibility of rockburst hazard assessment, combined with the working face of a mine yaojiashan the mining conditions, the relationship between the upper and lower coal seam and geological condition on whether they have the possibility of rockburst is analyzed. Firstly, by determining the coal seam No. 4+5 coal seam mining area of the first key layer theory (two seam between the DUNNBASS rarely, can to carry out the production) the first weighting interval and the week Qi Lai to determine the stress pressure step is whether coal seam rockburst concentration peak, then the depth of coal seam, dip and FLAC3D on the dangerous area for prediction and verification. According to the above conclusion put forward the solution to prevent rockburst, are discussed analysis on the following four aspects: (1) the key stratum theory, determine the key strata above coal seam and calculate the first breaking away from the cycle and the broken distance, in order to estimate the coal wall And the stress concentration value, then trough is the possibility of rockburst based on strength theory to determine the working surface of the upper and lower. (2) through experience comparison to face danger and trough under rockburst were evaluated to identify high-risk areas, provide the basis for pressure control measures impact yaojiashan mine. (3) according to the elevation angle of coal seam, geological condition of the mining area Ida internal impact hazardous areas are classified, coal work site to promote the process of simulation by using FLAC3D software, the surface of work, were divided into upper and lower trough may burst area. (4) through theory that, under the protective layer mining and caving mining and the superiority of the degree of impact on the prevention of rock burst, determine the top coal caving mining working face can prevent rockburst and meet the production requirements, develop Local impact prevention and control measures are given and specific schemes are given.

【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TD324

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