坚硬黄土层立井掘进施工技术研究与应用

发布时间：2018-02-26 18:15

本文关键词： 黄土层深孔松动爆破螺旋钻数值模拟建井技术　出处：《西安科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国西部地区覆盖有深度达到200 m~300 m厚的第四系特厚黄土层,且深部是含有钙质胶结物的中更新统老黄土及古土壤,土质特别坚硬。黄土层通常具有湿陷性、弱膨胀性,遇水易引起黄土层胶接结构破坏,产生较大的塑性变形。在黄土层爆破打眼易出现塌孔、偏斜及排渣困难等技术难题;爆破对井壁围岩的人为扰动大,爆破参数不易确定。同时,普通法施工面临黄土特殊结构引起的塌帮、深部高塑性变形等技术问题。论文以邵寨煤矿回风立井施工条件为背景,基于立井普通法施工工艺,采用理论分析、数值模拟计算,并结合工程实践经验的方法对特厚坚硬黄土层复杂地质条件下立井掘进施工技术进行研究。论文基于立井井壁围岩稳定性理论,分析了立井围岩应力分布规律,预测了黄土层安全合理的井壁厚度及井筒围岩位移。采用FLAC3D数值模拟计算,分析了不同掘进段高及支护厚度对井壁围岩稳定性影响,得出了合理的掘进段高及支护厚度。论文基于螺旋钻进的原理及优点,提出了伞钻配特制螺旋钻杆干式打眼技术,实现了在黄土层中快速高效打深眼的目的,并给出了螺旋钻杆参数计算方法及参数;基于松动爆破技术,理论计算并优化了深孔松动爆破参数,降低了爆破对井壁围岩的人为扰动。研究成果在邵寨煤矿得到成功应用,采用伞钻配特制螺旋钻干式打眼技术、深孔松动爆破技术及普通法施工工艺,实现了其第四系294 m特厚坚硬黄土层的立井井筒安全、高效、快速施工,其中0~-100 m段成井速度82 m/月,-100 m~-294 m段成井速度80 m/月。本技术的成功应用,取得了良好的经济、社会效益,为大面积黄土层覆盖地区的井筒掘砌施工提供了可靠的理论依据,促进了黄土层立井掘砌施工技术的进步和发展。
[Abstract]:In the western part of China, there is an extra thick Quaternary loess layer with a depth of 200 m to 300 m thick, and the deep part is the middle Pleistocene old loess and paleosols with calcareous cementation. The soil is very hard. The loess is usually collapsible and weakly dilated. When the water is encountered, the glued structure of the loess layer will be destroyed, resulting in a large plastic deformation. The hole collapse, the deflection and the difficulty of discharging the slag are easy to appear in the blasting of the loess soil, and the blasting has a great disturbance to the surrounding rock of the shaft wall. The blasting parameters are not easy to be determined. At the same time, the common method construction is faced with the technical problems such as collapsing side caused by special loess structure, deep high plastic deformation and other technical problems. This paper takes the construction condition of Shaozhai coal mine return air shaft as the background, based on the construction technology of common vertical shaft method. The construction technology of shaft excavation under complex geological conditions in thick and hard loess soil is studied by theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and engineering experience. The paper is based on the stability theory of wall rock of shaft wall. The stress distribution law of surrounding rock in vertical shaft is analyzed, the safe and reasonable wall thickness of loess layer and the displacement of surrounding rock of shaft are predicted. By using FLAC3D numerical simulation calculation, the influence of different tunneling section height and supporting thickness on the stability of wall rock is analyzed. Based on the principle and advantages of spiral drilling, the paper puts forward the dry-hole drilling technology with special screw drill pipe, which realizes the purpose of drilling deep hole quickly and efficiently in the loess soil. Based on the loose blasting technology, the parameters of deep hole loosening blasting are calculated and optimized theoretically, and the artificial disturbance of blasting to wall rock is reduced. The research results have been successfully applied in Shaozhai Coal Mine. The vertical shaft of its Quaternary system of 294m thick and hard loess has been constructed safely, efficiently and quickly by adopting the dry drilling technology of the special spiral drill, the deep hole loosening blasting technology and the common construction technology. Among them, 82m / month 82m / month and 100m / month -294m formation velocity of 0 ~ 100m section is 82m/ month. The successful application of this technology has obtained good economic and social benefits, and has provided a reliable theoretical basis for wellbore excavation and construction in a large area of loess cover area. It promotes the progress and development of shaft excavation and masonry construction technology in loess layer.
【学位授予单位】：西安科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD262.1

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