超深孔凿岩爆破在立井施工中的应用

发布时间：2018-03-07 22:20

本文选题：超深孔　切入点：光面爆破　出处：《安徽理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着社会经济的发展,对矿产资源需求越来越大。如何高效的开采矿产资源成为人们思考的问题,尤其对地下矿产资源的开采更是成为急需解决的问题。在整个地下矿产开采中,井巷建设的工程总量占据总工程量的70%左右,井巷建设的快慢直接影响矿产资源的开采效率。在井巷工程中,井巷掘进大部分使用爆破法。因此有必要对井巷掘进中的爆破方法加以研究。本文以如何在立井施工中使用超深孔凿岩爆破来加快掘进速度和减少超欠挖为研究对象,采用理论分析和现场试验等方法进行了研究。首先以岩石断裂理论和爆轰理论为基础,探讨了岩石破碎机理和光面爆破原理,较为系统的分析了影响爆破效果具体因素,并得出岩石破碎过程中粉碎区和裂隙区的理论半径。其次总结了井巷爆破中重要参数的理论计算方法和掏槽方式选取原则。最后在上述理论研究的基础上,结合现场施工中遇到的问题,进行了掏槽试验和周边孔间隔装药试验,设计了节理裂隙发育段爆破方案,取得了以下成果,为今后同类型项目施工提供了一些有价值的参考。 1.超深孔光面爆破用于立井施工,可以增加进尺度,加快施工进度,减少支护难度和成本。 2.二阶单锥形掏槽相比于单阶掏槽和二阶双直眼掏槽更有利于掏槽腔的形成,为后续爆破提供更好的自由面。 3.在炮孔总数基本不变的情况下,适当减少辅助孔数增加掏槽孔数有助于提高爆破效果。 4.孔底水间隔装药可以使炸药能量在炮孔内分布均匀,减少孔口大块和消除孔底“根底”,降低间隔装药成本,提高光面爆破效果。 5.在节理裂隙较发育段,爆破设计应根据节理发育具体情况适当调整爆破参数以便达到更好的爆破效果。 6.在钻眼机械不变的情况下,改变防堵塞装置(采用自制防堵塞装置),可以有效减少钻眼时间,增加掘进效率。 7.钢模采用防爆装置,可以有效减小爆破对钢模的损坏,降低成本,加快掘进速度。
[Abstract]:With the development of social economy, the demand for mineral resources is increasing. In particular, the mining of underground mineral resources has become an urgent problem. In the whole underground mineral mining, the total amount of the construction of wells and roadways accounts for about 70% of the total project volume. The speed of roadway construction has a direct effect on the mining efficiency of mineral resources. In the engineering of shaft and roadway, the blasting method is used in most of the roadway excavation. Therefore, it is necessary to study the blasting method in the roadway excavation. In this paper, how to use ultra-deep hole rock drilling blasting in shaft construction to speed up the excavation speed and reduce the over-underexcavation is the research object of this paper. Based on the theory of rock fracture and the theory of detonation, the mechanism of rock crusher and the principle of smooth blasting are discussed, and the specific factors influencing the blasting effect are analyzed systematically. The theoretical radius of crushing area and fissure area in the process of rock fragmentation is obtained. Secondly, the theoretical calculation method and cutting mode selection principle of important parameters in blasting are summarized. Finally, on the basis of the above theoretical research, Combined with the problems encountered in the field construction, the cutting test and the peripheral hole spacing charge test are carried out, and the blasting scheme of the joint fracture development section is designed. The following results have been obtained, which provide some valuable references for the construction of the same type projects in the future. 1. The application of ultra-deep hole smooth blasting in shaft construction can increase the scale, speed up the construction and reduce the difficulty and cost of support. 2. The second order single conical cutting is more favorable to the formation of the cutting cavity than the single step cutting and the second order double straight hole cutting, which provides a better free surface for the subsequent blasting. 3. Under the condition that the total number of holes is almost unchanged, reducing the number of auxiliary holes and increasing the number of cut holes is helpful to improve the blasting effect. 4.The interval charge of hole and bottom water can make the energy of explosive distribute evenly in the hole, reduce the large size of hole mouth and eliminate the bottom of hole "root bottom", reduce the cost of interval charge, and improve the effect of smooth blasting. 5. The blasting design should adjust the blasting parameters according to the specific conditions of joint development in order to achieve better blasting effect. 6. Under the condition that the drilling mechanism remains unchanged, the self-made anti-clogging device can effectively reduce the drilling time and increase the tunneling efficiency. 7. The explosion proof device used in the steel mould can effectively reduce the damage to the steel mould by blasting, reduce the cost and speed up the driving speed.
【学位授予单位】：安徽理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD235.33

【参考文献】