降雨诱发尾矿库溃坝模式试验研究

发布时间：2018-03-08 15:14

本文选题：尾矿坝　切入点：土工试验　出处：《昆明理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：尾矿库是矿山正常生产必不可少的构筑物,也是矿山安全生产潜在的重大危险源。近年来,随着现在矿业的飞速发展,尾矿库的数量与规模不断扩大,尾矿坝溃坝事故也现增长趋势,不仅造成尾矿流失,更重要的是给下游生态及人民生命财产造成巨大损失。总体来说影响尾矿库安全因素很多,其中水是尾矿坝稳定与否的关键。因此,本文通过研究降雨条件下尾矿库的溃坝试验,分析尾矿库溃坝原因和过程,揭示不同降雨条件下的尾矿坝溃坝的形成机理。研究成果不仅能提高尾矿库的安全性与管理水平,减小和控制尾矿库运行的不利因素,还能为尾矿库的防洪度汛提供一定参考。本文以尾矿库室内土工试验为基础,开展降雨作用下尾矿库溃坝的试验研究,本文主要开展了以下几个方面的研究工作：(1)对尾矿砂开展室内常规土力学试验,测定尾砂粒度成分、压缩性、渗透系数、抗剪强度等一系列尾矿参数。从而为后期数值模拟提供参数。(2)开展不同降雨条件下尾矿库的溃坝模型试验,试验结果表明：全面降雨漫顶溃坝与库内降雨漫顶溃坝前浸润线高度随库内水位的上升而上升,溃坝过程中均在短时间内出现溃坝泥砂流流量迅速增大形成陡坎冲刷效应,溃口随时间不断扩宽扩深,溃后坝体沉降明显,两者存在不同的是库内降雨漫顶溃坝前坝坡多处渗水渗砂,坝体沉降量较全面降雨沉降量小,坝体呈现向下游移动趋势,坝坡变缓较明显；对于库内降雨渗透溃坝,由于坝体长时间的渗水渗砂,坝体边坡逐渐沉降以至于低于库内水位,初期溃口浅而宽,随时间推移深度逐渐加深,泥砂流量小,溃坝过程较漫顶溃坝慢,坝体边坡位移量较小。(3)在室内堆坝模型和土工实验的基础上,借助Slide软件分析室内尾矿库模型,开展不同降雨强度条件下,库内浸润线以及稳定性分析,其分析结果表明：降雨强度越大,浸润线越高,安全系数也随之降低直至尾矿坝溃坝。本文利用室内模型试验与数值模拟相结合的方法,对降雨诱发尾矿库溃坝进行了研究分析与总结,研究成果为尾矿坝的防灾减灾提供理论依据。
[Abstract]:Tailing reservoir is an indispensable structure for normal mine production and a potential major hazard source for mine safety production. In recent years, with the rapid development of mining industry, the number and scale of tailings reservoir has been continuously expanded. The tailing dam dam-break accident is also increasing, which not only causes tailings loss, but also causes huge loss to the downstream ecology and people's life and property. Generally speaking, there are many factors that affect the safety of tailings reservoir. Water is the key to the stability of the tailings dam. Therefore, by studying the dam-break test of the tailings dam under rainfall, the cause and process of the dam break in the tailings dam are analyzed. The formation mechanism of tailings dam break under different rainfall conditions is revealed. The research results can not only improve the safety and management level of the tailings reservoir, but also reduce and control the unfavorable factors in the operation of the tailings dam. It can also provide some reference for the flood control and flood control of tailing pond. Based on the indoor geotechnical test of tailing reservoir, this paper carries out the experimental study of tailing dam break under the action of rainfall. This paper mainly carried out the following research work: 1) carrying out laboratory routine soil mechanics tests on tailings to determine the particle size composition, compressibility and permeability coefficient of tailings. A series of tailings parameters, such as shear strength, etc., which provide parameters for later numerical simulation, are used to test the dam-break model of tailings reservoir under different rainfall conditions. The experimental results show that the height of the infiltration line before the overtopping dam break and the overtopping dam break increases with the increase of the water level in the reservoir, and in the short period of time the flow of mud sand increases rapidly, which results in the scouring effect of steep ridges. The dam body settlement is obvious after collapse. The difference between them is that there are many seepage and sand infiltration in the dam slope before the overtopping dam break in the reservoir, the settlement of the dam body is smaller than that of the overall rainfall settlement, and the dam body tends to move downstream. The slope of the dam becomes slower and more obvious, for the dam with rainfall seepage and seepage, the slope of the dam gradually settles to be lower than the water level of the reservoir, the initial burst is shallow and wide, the depth deepens gradually with time, and the flow of mud sand is small. The process of dam break is slower than that of overtopping dam, and the displacement of dam slope is smaller.) on the basis of indoor rockfill model and geotechnical experiment, the model of indoor tailings reservoir is analyzed with Slide software, and the different rainfall intensity is carried out under the condition of different rainfall intensity. The results show that the higher the rainfall intensity, the higher the wetting line, and the lower the safety factor is until the tailings dam break. In this paper, the indoor model test is combined with numerical simulation. This paper analyzes and summarizes the dam-break of tailings dam induced by rainfall. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and mitigation of tailings dam.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD926.4

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