煤矿运输大巷不同锚固参数的锚杆加固效果的研究

发布时间：2018-03-09 04:32

本文选题：巷道　切入点：锚杆参数　出处：《安徽建筑大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在煤巷地下工程中,巷道巷帮容易发生冒顶、底鼓,顶板的塌落也极其的常见。随着矿井开采深度逐渐增加,巷道和采场的地应力水平也越来越高,巷道围岩的变形程度严重,破坏规律复杂。锚杆支护技术作为矿井巷道及其他地下工程支护的主要的支护形式,在保证巷道稳定方面起着重要的作用。本文的岩样取自恒f煤矿一采区岩石运输大巷,在现场进行数据的收集和整理,在实验室中对岩样进行了实验分析,得到了岩样的在单轴压缩和三轴压缩两种情况下的应力-应变曲线。同时利用FLAC3D软件,建立巷道模型,研究锚杆的长度和间距改变时,巷道的应力、位移和塑性区的变化规律,分析锚杆对巷道围岩的加固效果,得到不同长度的锚杆间距改变时对于提高巷道的应力、限制洞室的变形、提高围岩静载能力的影响。论文的主要研究结论如下:(1)结合现有的岩石力学、弹性力学等比较成熟的研究成果,以拱形巷道为模型,分别对其进行受力状态和破坏模式的分析,通过力学模型计算所得拱形巷道围岩应力表达式,应用FLAC3D中的Fish语言编制代码,嵌入到数值模拟程序中进行计算分析。(2)介绍了锚杆锚固的特点、锚杆选型的基本原则、锚杆的锚固机理以及锚杆和围岩的相互关系。分析巷道围岩的锚杆支护和锚固参数,得到锚固长度不同时的锚杆-围岩的作用机理,和任意的一点压应力的值。在进行巷道锚杆支护的设计中,锚杆支护参数的确定十分重要,根据塑性圈理论,推导出了锚固巷道时锚杆长度的计算公式,通过分析力学模型,推导出了锚固巷道时锚杆的间距的计算公式。(3)进行数值模拟物理力学参数实验,对岩样的物理力学性质进行了测定,主要内容包括:单轴和三轴压缩的应力-应变曲线、抗压抗拉强度和变形模量等,根据测出的石灰岩的做出莫尔圆,同时测定了煤样的坚固性系数。对FLAC3D软件和基本的工作原理进行了介绍,建立巷道模型,依据应力云图,分析了在静载作用下,锚杆的长度在3m,6m,9m时,间距分别为30cm,60cm,90cm锚固时的塑性破坏区、位移及垂直及应力云图的变化情况,得到应力和位移的关系,塑性区和位移的关系,进而总结了巷道围岩应力的应力变化情况、水平位移变化情况和塑性区变化情况,得到进行巷道支护时,选用合理的锚杆长度和间距,才能取得良好的支护效果。(4)制定采区岩石运输大巷矿压观测方案,进行现场实测,观测大巷顶底板和两帮的移近速度,大巷顶底板和两帮的移近量。验证选用锚杆长度为3m,锚距为30cm的锚固参数对此煤矿大巷进行锚固,但该矿从节约支护成本角度出发,现采用60cm锚杆间距加固一采区运输大巷。
[Abstract]:In underground engineering of coal roadway, roadway side is prone to roof fall, floor bulge and roof collapse are also very common. With the increase of mining depth, the ground stress level of roadway and stope is higher and higher, and the deformation degree of surrounding rock of roadway is serious. The failure law is complex. As the main supporting form of mine roadway and other underground engineering support, bolt support technology plays an important role in ensuring the stability of roadway. The rock sample in this paper is taken from the rock transportation roadway in the first mining area of Hengfan Coal Mine. The data are collected and sorted in the field, the rock samples are analyzed experimentally in the laboratory, the stress-strain curves of rock samples under uniaxial compression and triaxial compression are obtained. At the same time, the roadway model is established by using FLAC3D software. The stress, displacement and plastic zone of the roadway are studied when the length and spacing of the bolt are changed, and the reinforcement effect of the bolt on the surrounding rock of the roadway is analyzed, and the stress of the roadway is improved when the distance between the anchors varies with different lengths. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) combined with the existing mature research achievements in rock mechanics and elastic mechanics, the arch roadway is used as a model. The stress state and failure mode of the arch roadway are analyzed, and the stress expression of the arched roadway surrounding rock is calculated by the mechanical model. The code is compiled by Fish language in FLAC3D. This paper introduces the characteristics of anchor bolt, the basic principle of anchor rod selection, the anchoring mechanism and the relationship between anchor rod and surrounding rock, and analyzes the bolting support and anchor parameters of roadway surrounding rock. The action mechanism of bolt-surrounding rock with different anchoring length and the value of arbitrary point compressive stress are obtained. In the design of roadway bolt support, the determination of bolting parameters is very important, according to the theory of plastic circle, The formula for calculating the length of bolt in anchoring roadway is derived. By analyzing the mechanical model, the formula for calculating the spacing of anchor rod in anchoring roadway is derived, and the physical and mechanical parameter experiment of numerical simulation is carried out. The physical and mechanical properties of rock samples are measured. The main contents include the stress-strain curves of uniaxial and triaxial compression, compressive tensile strength and deformation modulus, etc. At the same time, the rugged coefficient of coal sample is measured. The FLAC3D software and basic working principle are introduced, and the roadway model is established. According to the stress cloud diagram, the length of anchor rod is analyzed when the length of bolt is 3 m ~ 6 m ~ (9 m) under static load. The relationship between stress and displacement, the relationship between plastic zone and displacement, and the stress change of surrounding rock of roadway are obtained when the distance is 30 cm ~ 60 cm ~ (10) cm ~ (90 cm), and the change of displacement and vertical and stress cloud diagram are obtained. The change of horizontal displacement and plastic zone can be obtained by selecting reasonable length and spacing of bolt in support of roadway in order to obtain good supporting effect. (4) to formulate the observation scheme of rock transport roadway in mining area, and to carry out the field measurement, the results are as follows: (1) when supporting roadway is carried out, the reasonable length and spacing of anchor rod can be obtained. The approaching velocity of roof and bottom slab and two sides of roadway is observed. It is verified that the anchor rod length is 3 m and the anchoring parameter of 30 cm distance is used to anchor this coal mine roadway, but the mine starts from the angle of saving support cost. At present, 60 cm bolt spacing is used to reinforce the transportation roadway in a mining area.
【学位授予单位】：安徽建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TD353.6

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