声学法矿用锚杆轴力监测装置的设计与研究

发布时间：2018-03-12 11:03

本文选题：声学　切入点：频率　出处：《太原理工大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：锚杆支护因其具有“高效、低成本”的特点,已广泛运用于矿山、隧道、桥梁、基坑等工程中,使得施工环境得到显著改善,并且还具有提高生产效率和安全生产条件的优点。然而近年来,因为支护失效所引发的冒顶、坍滑等事故时有发生,带来难以预见的损失。因而,设法对锚杆力进行准确、高效、可靠的监测,对保护经济、人身安全具有深远意义。国内外各高校院所、科研机构、各大矿区等设计和应用的锚杆力检测装置和监测设备主要包括两大类。一类是诸如光纤光栅式、钢弦式等需要电源供电的传统锚杆力检测装置。该类检测装置普遍存在的问题有:误差值大、稳定性不足、不易管理、对岩体扰动大。另外一类是诸如液压式、纯机械变形式等不需要电源供电的检测装置。然而,结构过于复杂、成本较高、误差大且不易推广是该类检测装置普遍存在的不足。论文在总结了现有监测装置的基础上,针对所存在的缺陷和不足,利用结构固有频率随预应力不同而发生改变的原理,采用理论分析和模拟仿真相结合的研究方法,设计出一种通过听不同频率声音判断锚杆力的新型监测装置。主要研究内容及成果如下:(1)对所提出监测装置的工作原理和操作方法进行简要介绍,并利用机械振动的相关知识,进行相关公式的推导,对该监测装置的理论可行性进行验证。(2)对监测装置的设计过程进行介绍:利用三维建模软件Pro/E5.0建立监测装置的仿真模型,导入到有限元仿真软件ANSYS14.5中完成对本监测装置的强度和模态分析。然后利用LMS Virtual.lab Acoustic声学仿真平台对本监测装置的声学性能进行分析。分析结果表明所设计的监测装置满足强度需要,监测装置固有频率与所受应力之间呈近似线性规律变化,工作人员可以实现听敲击该监测装置发出声音的频率来判断此时锚杆受力状况这一终极目标。(3)在对监测装置的设计过程及可行性进行介绍的基础上,利用ANSYS14.5和LMS Virtual.lab Acoustic12.0联合仿真平台对结构参数的改变对监测装置的强度、结构模态以及监听时的听觉效果的影响进行分析讨论。结果表明:振动板材料,振动板厚度,上、下壳体厚度,振动板有效振动高度,承载体直径等发生改变后会对监测装置的各项性能造成不同程度的影响。(4)利用LMS Virtual.lab Acoustic12.0仿真平台对所施加激振力的大小和位置,阻尼比,以及监测人员与监测装置所呈角度、距离的不同对监听效果的影响进行了分析讨论。结果表明:激振力大小、位置和阻尼比的改变对监测结果无影响,监测人员与监测装置间没有固定的位置要求。(5)最后,对监测装置在实际工作时可能出现的“偏载”问题给最终监测带来的偏差进行了分析。验证了在实际安装时必须避免“偏载”的发生。本文为锚杆轴力监测工作提供了一种简单、有效的新思路。
[Abstract]:Because of its characteristics of "high efficiency and low cost", bolt support has been widely used in mines, tunnels, bridges, foundation pits and other projects, which has greatly improved the construction environment. It also has the advantages of improving production efficiency and safe production conditions. However, in recent years, accidents such as roof fall and collapse caused by failure of support have caused unpredictable losses. Efficient and reliable monitoring is of far-reaching significance to the protection of the economy and personal safety. The anchor force measuring devices and monitoring equipment designed and applied in various mining areas mainly include two categories. One is such as fiber Bragg grating. The steel string type and other traditional anchor force detection devices need power supply. The common problems of this kind of detection device are: big error, insufficient stability, difficult to manage, disturbance to rock mass, and the other kind is hydraulic type, However, the structure is too complicated, the cost is high, the error is large and it is not easy to be popularized. This paper summarizes the existing monitoring devices on the basis of a summary of the existing monitoring devices. In view of the defects and shortcomings, using the principle that the natural frequency of the structure varies with the prestress, the research method of combining theoretical analysis with simulation is adopted. A new type of monitoring device is designed to judge the anchor force by hearing different frequency sound. The main research contents and results are as follows: 1) the working principle and operation method of the proposed monitoring device are briefly introduced, and the relevant knowledge of mechanical vibration is used. The design process of the monitoring device is introduced. The simulation model of the monitoring device is established by using the 3D modeling software Pro/E5.0. The intensity and modal analysis of the monitoring device is completed in the finite element simulation software ANSYS14.5. Then, the acoustic performance of the monitoring device is analyzed by using the LMS Virtual.lab Acoustic acoustic simulation platform. The analysis results show that the monitoring device is designed. The device meets the intensity requirements, The variation of natural frequency and stress of the monitoring device is approximately linear. On the basis of introducing the design process and feasibility of the monitoring device, the staff can realize the ultimate goal of hearing the frequency of the sound emitted by the monitoring device to judge the stress condition of the anchor rod at this time, which is based on the introduction of the design process and the feasibility of the monitoring device. The influence of structural parameters on the intensity of monitoring device, structural mode and hearing effect during monitoring is analyzed and discussed by using ANSYS14.5 and LMS Virtual.lab Acoustic12.0 simulation platform. The results show that the material of vibrating plate, the thickness of vibrating plate, the thickness of vibratory plate, and the influence of the change of structural parameters on the monitoring device are analyzed and discussed. The thickness of the lower shell, the effective vibration height of the vibration plate, the diameter of the bearing body and so on will affect the performance of the monitoring device to varying degrees.) the magnitude and position of the exciting force and the damping ratio will be applied by using the LMS Virtual.lab Acoustic12.0 simulation platform. The influence of the angle and distance between the monitor and the monitoring device on the monitoring effect is analyzed and discussed. The results show that the changes of exciting force, position and damping ratio have no effect on the monitoring results. There is no fixed position requirement between the monitor and the monitoring device. This paper analyzes the deviation caused by the "bias load" problem that may occur in the actual work of the monitoring device, and verifies that the "biased load" must be avoided in the actual installation. This paper is for the monitoring of the axial force of the anchor rod. Provides a simple, An effective new way of thinking.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD350

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