特厚煤层综放开采巷道沿空侧覆岩结构与煤柱稳定性研究

发布时间：2018-03-15 06:17

  本文选题：特厚煤层　切入点：综放开采　出处：《煤炭科学研究总院》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,我国综放开采一次采出煤层厚度有增加趋势。2016年版《煤矿安全规程》中关于放顶煤技术明确规定:经过行业内专家论证确定合格的,特厚煤层的采放比可以大于1:3。这样就为20m以上特厚煤层一次采全厚综放开采创造了条件。目前对于巷道沿空侧覆岩结构的研究主要基于薄、中厚及厚煤层分层开采的背景条件下,特厚煤层综放开采巷道沿空侧覆岩结构特征与薄、中厚及厚煤层分层开采条件下的区别认识不清,特厚煤层综放开采形成的巷道沿空侧覆岩结构特征不明确。特厚煤层综放开采沿空侧巷道布置方式的选择、区段煤柱合理留设宽度的确定研究相对缺乏。本论文以芦子沟矿3107特厚煤层(25m)综放工作面开采为背景,开展特厚煤层综放开采巷道沿空侧覆岩结构与煤柱稳定性研究。运用相似模拟、3DEC数值模拟手段研究了特厚煤层综放开采巷道沿空侧覆岩结构特征。运用材料力学及弹性力学相关理论,揭示了巷道沿空侧覆岩载荷传递机制,构建了侧向支承压力计算模型和计算公式。运用正交实验方法研究了特厚煤层综放开采侧向支承压力主控影响因素及影响方式。综合理论分析及现场实测手段,研究特厚煤层综放开采侧向支承压力的分区特征,为特厚煤层综放开采沿空侧巷道布置方式的选择及区段煤柱合理留设宽度的确定提供了依据,并在3107特厚煤层(25m)综放工作面开展区段煤柱留设的工程实践。论文取得的主要结论如下:(1)提出了特厚煤层综放开采巷道沿空侧覆岩结构特征:特厚煤层综放开采时,巷道沿空侧垮落带破断覆岩形成"悬臂梁"结构,低位裂隙带下位破断覆岩形成"铰接岩梁"结构,低位裂隙带上位破断覆岩形成多块铰接的"砌体梁"结构,高位裂隙带破断覆岩形成"悬臂梁"结构,低位裂隙带与高位裂隙带间产生明显界限,更上位为弯曲下沉带岩层。(2)揭示了特厚煤层综放开采巷道沿空侧覆岩载荷传递机制:特厚煤层综放开采巷道沿空侧覆岩"悬臂块体"悬露部分自重是采空区侧向煤体高应力的主因;低位悬臂块体是侧向浅部煤体高应力的主因;高位悬臂块体是侧向深部煤体高应力的主因;覆岩活动范围越大,附加应力在侧向煤体中传播距离越远。(3)依据特厚煤层综放开采巷道沿空侧覆岩结构特征,构建了特厚煤层综放开采侧向支承压力计算模型和计算公式。(4)得到了特厚煤层综放开采侧向支承压力的主控影响因素及影响方式,各因素对侧向支承压力的影响程度依次为:岩层破断角悬臂块体厚度基岩移动角。基岩移动角主要影响附加应力高应力区域的范围,悬臂块体厚度与岩层破断角主要影响附加应力峰值的大小。(5)得到了特厚煤层综放开采侧向支承压力具有典型的分区特征,自采空区边缘向煤体深处依次形成内应力稳定区、内应力集中区、中间稳定区、外应力集中区、原岩应力区。沿空侧巷道适宜布置在内应力稳定区或中间稳定区范围内。(6)研究了电磁波衰减与煤体裂隙及围岩应力的相关性,并应用电磁波CT探测手段,实现了特厚煤层综放工作面不同开采阶段侧向支承压力快速监测,验证了特厚煤层综放开采侧向支承压力的分区特征,为评价区段煤柱稳定性及煤柱宽度进一步优化提供了更为充分的依据。
[Abstract]:In recent years, our country produced a fully mechanized mining coal seam thickness increased.2016 edition < Mine Safety Regulations > on top coal caving technology clearly stipulates: the demonstration by experts within the industry to determine the qualified, thick seam caving ratio can be larger than 1:3. which is more than 20m thick coal seam mining full seam mining. To create the conditions for the current research on Roadway along the empty side of overburden structure is mainly based on thin, medium thick and thick seam under the background of the thick coal seam mining roadway along gob side overburden structure characteristics and differences in the thick and thin, thick seam conditions clearly, the roadway in thick coal seam fully mechanized mining formed along the rock structure characteristic of the air side cladding is not clear. The thick coal seam mining gob side roadway layout selection, rational width of section coal pillar to determine the relative lack of research. In this paper, Lu Zi gou Mine 3107 thick coal seam (25m) full mechanized caving mining as the background, to carry out the thick coal seam mining roadway along the structure and stability of the coal pillar air side overburden. Using similar simulation, studied the thick coal seam mining roadway along gob side structure characteristics of overlying strata in means of 3DEC numerical simulation using the related theory. Material mechanics and elastic mechanics, reveals the roadway along gob side overburden load transfer mechanism, construct the calculation model and calculation formula of lateral abutment pressure of the thick coal seam mining master side abutment pressure influence factors and the influence of using orthogonal experiment method. The comprehensive theoretical analysis and field measurement methods, characteristics of partition the thick coal seam mining abutment pressure, for thick coal seam mining and determine the choice of coal pillar along gob side roadway layout reasonable reserve width to provide the basis, and in 3107 thick coal 灞，

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