乌东矿区特厚煤层综放坚硬煤岩控制技术与应用

发布时间：2018-03-16 06:46

本文选题：急倾斜特厚煤层　切入点：顶板失稳　出处：《西安科技大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：水平分段综采放顶煤是开采急倾斜特厚煤层的一种安全高效的开采方式。急倾斜特厚煤层顶板的运移规律、垮落形态及矿山压力显现都与水平煤层、缓倾斜煤层有着很大的差别。论文以乌鲁木齐矿区神新能源有限公司乌东煤矿45°急倾斜特厚煤层顶板动力灾害为研究背景,开展顶板运移规律、动力灾害源以及动力灾害规律分析,对顶板的防治、局部强化致裂卸压有着重要的科学意义与工程应用价值。论文通过收集乌东煤矿地质条件概况,掌握矿井地应力分布,了解历年开采状况。针对乌东煤矿北采区 45°急倾斜特厚煤层采用水平分段综采放顶煤开采,顶板的动力灾害问题,采用了数学建模理论分析、Flac3D数值模拟等方法了解和掌握顶板的运移规律及垮落特征:a.急倾斜特厚煤层上覆煤岩体运动受采动影响以及工作面的采深和煤层的倾角有着很大的关系,随着开采水平向深部发展,工作面顶部垮落的破碎采空区增大,工作面顶部截面上承受的弯矩也随之增大;b.在同等前提下,煤层倾角越大,顶板处岩层冒落带最大高度所在位置a与采场倾斜长度L越靠近。当aL时,冒落带最大高度所处的位置在采空区顶部位置附近;c.不同于水平煤层、缓倾斜煤层,急倾斜特厚煤层顶板的垮落方式有以下4种:①岩石沿层理方向滑移;②垮落岩石下滑(或滚动);③底板岩石隆起;④煤层挤压(片帮)。d.工作面顶部拱状稳定结构的支撑点主要为靠近工作附近的顶板,简称为稳定结构的“底部拱角”。随着回采进行,拱状构造应力集中,拱状构造的“底部拱角”易遭到挤压破坏,拱状构造易失稳。通过掌握顶板的运移规律、失稳特征后,工程实践采用了三种不同的方式对顶板进行卸压,分别为:a.“上-中-下”三位一体爆破处理顶板;b.注水软化及注水爆破耦合处理顶板;c.超前预爆破处理顶板。并通过地质雷达、钻孔窥视、微震监测、电磁辐射等监测手段保证顶板安全垮落。三种办法相互结合、相辅相成,成功的保证了工作面、巷道的安全,矿井顶板动力灾害得到了很好的控制。本研究为急倾斜特厚煤层水平分段综放工作面及动力灾害预测与控制提供了有效方法。
[Abstract]:Horizontal sublevel fully mechanized caving caving is a safe and efficient mining method for mining steeply inclined and super-thick coal seams. The law of roof movement, collapse morphology and mine pressure appearance of steeply and ultra-thick coal seams are all similar to those of horizontal coal seams. There are great differences in gently inclined coal seams. Based on the research background of roof dynamic disaster of 45 掳steep and extra thick coal seam of Shenxin Energy Co., Ltd., Urumqi mining area, the law of roof movement is carried out. The analysis of the source of dynamic disaster and the law of dynamic disaster has important scientific significance and engineering application value to the prevention and treatment of roof and local strengthening of fracturing and unloading pressure. Through collecting the general situation of geological conditions in Wudong Coal Mine, the paper grasps the distribution of ground stress in the mine. In view of the 45 掳steeply inclined super thick coal seam in the north mining area of Wudong Coal Mine, the dynamic disaster of roof can be solved by adopting fully mechanized caving caving coal mining in horizontal sublevel. The mathematical modeling theory is used to analyze the numerical simulation of Flac3D to understand and master the law of roof movement and collapse characteristics: A. the movement of overlying rock mass is affected by mining movement, the mining depth and the dip angle of coal seam are also studied. Has a lot to do with it, With the development of mining level to the deep, the broken goaf at the top of the working face increases, and the bending moment on the top section of the working face increases. The position a of the maximum height of the caving zone at the roof is closer to the inclined length L of the stope. When a, the position of the maximum height of the caving zone is located near the top of the goaf, which is different from the horizontal coal seam. There are four types of roof caving in steep and super thick coal seam as follows: (1) rock sliding along the bedding direction / (2) falling rock sliding (or rolling / 3 floor rock uplift) 4 coal seam extrusion (sheet top. D. d. support of arch stability structure at the top of the face). The point is mainly the roof near the work, The "bottom arch angle" of the stable structure is referred to as the "bottom arch angle" of the stable structure. With the recovery, the stress concentration of the arch structure, the "bottom arch angle" of the arch structure are easily crushed and destroyed, and the arch structure is vulnerable to instability. In engineering practice, three different ways are adopted to relieve the pressure of roof, namely: a. The "upper-middle-down" trinity blasting is used to treat the roof, the water injection softening and the water injection blasting are coupled to treat the roof and the roof is treated by advanced pre-blasting, and the roof is treated by geological radar. Monitoring means such as borehole peek, microseismic monitoring and electromagnetic radiation ensure the safety of roof collapse. The three methods are combined with each other and complement each other to ensure the safety of working face and roadway successfully. The study provides an effective method for prediction and control of dynamic disaster in the horizontal sublevel fully mechanized caving face and dynamic disaster control.
【学位授予单位】：西安科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD35

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