柱状药包爆破漏斗试验研究

发布时间：2018-03-18 18:36

本文选题：柱状药包　切入点：相似材料　出处：《昆明理工大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文以相似理论和漏斗理论为基础,对填塞高度不同的情况下柱状药包爆破漏斗自由面速度场及模型内应力场分布规律进行研究。基于相似理论和爆破理论,运用量纲分析法推导出柱状药包爆破漏斗模型试验应该遵循的相似准则,通过相似材料的配比试验,选出合适的相似材料配比,用于试验现场的模型浇筑。对试验场模型进行单孔爆破漏斗试验,分别研究了长径比、填塞高度对爆破效果的影响,得出:随填塞高度增加,长径比相同爆破漏斗体积逐渐增大,增加的幅度约为45%～～250%,炸药单耗逐渐降低,降低的幅度约为30%～71%:随长径比增大,填塞相同爆破漏斗体积逐渐增大,增加的幅度约为14%～97%,炸药单耗也是逐渐增大,增大的趋势约为13%～75%。利用高速摄影系统对柱状药包爆破漏斗模型试验的自由面进行了拍摄,采集了爆破漏斗的初始爆破过程,得到了鼓包运动轮廓曲线和鼓包自由面中心运动速度变化规律。高速摄影拍摄结果表明:鼓包表面的运动形态和鼓包中心的运动速度都有十分相似的变化规律,即鼓包表面的运动形态大致表现为模型中心向外“凸”出,高度是最高的,而中心周边的突起高度则是逐渐降低的;鼓包运动向上突出的高低与装药量的大小成正比,与最小抵抗线的大小成反比;模型的鼓包表面中心的运动速度表现出“加速—匀速—二次加速—减速”的特征。利用超动态应变系统测试药包周围应力场,采集了不同位置的应变波,获得了应变波的分布特征。超动态应变测试结果表明:爆炸源附近位置首先产生压缩波,尤其是径向应变获得了很大的负应变,各测点的应变都急剧变化;炮孔的装药量越大,最大负应变越大;测点距离爆炸中心越远,最大负应变越小;长径比相同时模型直径越大测得实际应力波波形与理论应力波传播规律越相近。
[Abstract]:On the basis of similarity theory and funnel theory, this paper studies the velocity field of funnel free surface and the distribution of stress field in the model under the condition of different packing height, based on similarity theory and blasting theory. The similarity criterion of funnel model test in cylindrical charge blasting is deduced by using dimensional analysis method. Through the proportion test of similar materials, the suitable proportion of similar materials is selected. The experiment of single hole blasting funnel was carried out on the test site model. The effects of aspect ratio and packing height on blasting effect were studied, and it was concluded that with the increase of packing height, The volume of the blasting funnel of the same aspect ratio increases gradually, the increasing range is about 45 / 250, the unit consumption of the explosive decreases gradually, and the reducing range is about 30 ~ 71cm: with the increase of the aspect ratio, the volume of the same blasting funnel increases, and the volume of the same blasting funnel increases with the increase of the ratio of length to diameter. The increasing range is about 14 / 97, and the unit charge of explosive is also gradually increasing, and the increasing trend is about 13 / 75. The free surface of the model test of cylindrical cartridge blasting funnel is photographed by using the high speed photography system, and the initial blasting process of the blasting funnel is collected. The contour curve of the drum and the velocity of the free surface of the drum are obtained. The results of high-speed photography show that the motion pattern of the drum surface and the velocity of the drum center are very similar. That is to say, the motion form of the bulge surface approximately shows that the center of the model "protrudes" outwards, the height is the highest, and the height of the protuberance around the center decreases gradually, and the upwardly projecting height of the bulge movement is in direct proportion to the amount of charge. The velocity of the center of the bulge surface of the model shows the characteristic of "acceleration-uniform speed-second acceleration-deceleration". The stress field around the cartridge is measured by super dynamic strain system. The strain waves at different positions are collected and the distribution characteristics of the strain waves are obtained. The results of superdynamic strain measurement show that the compression wave is first produced near the explosion source, especially the large negative strain is obtained by radial strain. The strain of each measuring point changes rapidly, the larger the charge quantity of the hole, the greater the maximum negative strain, the farther the measuring point is from the explosion center, the smaller the maximum negative strain is. When the ratio of length to diameter is the same, the larger the diameter of the model is, the closer the propagation law of the actual stress wave is to the theoretical stress wave.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD235.2

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