沟谷地貌下浅埋煤层开采巷道围岩稳定性控制技术研究

发布时间：2018-03-19 17:01

本文选题：沟谷地貌　切入点：浅埋煤层　出处：《中国矿业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：西部矿区煤层赋存特点:地表凹凸不平、起伏较大,煤层埋深较浅;有工作面在回采过程中,通过某段区域时矿压显现异常、剧烈,且形成动压,导致采区巷道围岩变形且难以控制,但继续回采一段距离后矿压又逐渐恢复正常。本文针对出现的这一特殊矿压问题,通过收集相关文献资料、现场调研初步判断导致矿压异常的原因为地表凹凸起伏的沟谷地貌所致。论文通过实验室试验掌握工作面煤(岩)各项物理力学性质参数,而后根据工作面上覆岩层及地表沟谷地貌的特点,建立数值计算模型与相似物理模型,数值模拟计算与相似模型试验研究结果表明巷道在掘进过程中通过非坡段、下坡段和上坡段三个阶段巷道整体压力显现较缓和,没有明显差异;但回采过程中通过三个阶段的矿压显现明显不同,主要表现在:(1)下坡段回采上覆岩层主要表现为向沟底的滑移,上坡段主要表现为向沟底的翻转,形成断裂多边块体;(2)各阶段超前支撑压力影响距离不同,下坡段非坡段上坡段;(3)各阶段超前压力峰值距工作面距离不同,下坡段非坡段上坡段;(4)超前支撑压力集中系数不同,上坡段非坡段下坡段;(5)上坡段巷道较其他阶段超前压力显现剧烈,变形破坏严重。研究成果表明:上坡段巷道受采动影响大,属于重点支护区域,较其它阶段需要增加一定的支护强度。根据研究成果,有针对性的制定了沟谷地貌下浅埋煤层巷道的支护方案,工业性试验中,通过现场监测巷道围岩变形及锚杆(索)受力工况,与之前类似巷道支护效果比较,现巷道支护效果明显改善,围岩变形破坏得到有效控制,仅仅在上坡回采接近坡顶位置时进行一次局部返修。研究成果为现场有效支护提供了科学依据,对类似条件下煤层开采巷道围岩稳定性控制具有一定的参考价值。
[Abstract]:The characteristics of coal seam occurrence in the western mining area are: uneven surface, large undulation, shallow coal seam depth, abnormal ground pressure in the mining process of a certain section of the coal face, and the formation of dynamic pressure, the formation of dynamic pressure, the formation of dynamic pressure, the formation of dynamic pressure, and the formation of dynamic pressure. The surrounding rock deformation of roadway in mining area is difficult to control, but the rock pressure is gradually returning to normal after a certain distance of mining. It is preliminarily judged by field investigation that the cause of abnormal rock pressure is caused by the valley geomorphology with ups and downs on the surface. The physical and mechanical parameters of coal (rock) in the working face are grasped by laboratory tests in this paper. Then according to the characteristics of the overlying strata and the surface gully geomorphology, the numerical calculation model and the similar physical model are established. The results of numerical simulation and similar model test show that the roadway passes through the non-slope section during the tunneling process. The overall pressure of roadway in the three stages of downslope and upslope is relatively relaxed, but there is no obvious difference, but in the process of mining, the rock pressure through the three stages is obviously different. The overlying strata in the downhill section mainly show slip to the bottom of the gully, and the upslope section shows the inversion to the bottom of the gully, forming the multilateral block of fault, the influence distance of the leading support pressure is different in each stage. The distance from the peak value of the leading pressure to the working face is different in each stage, and the concentration coefficient of the leading support pressure is different in the upper slope section of the non-slope section of the downslope section. The roadway in the upper slope section is more intense than the other stage, and the deformation and damage is serious. The research results show that the roadway in the upper slope section is greatly affected by the mining movement and belongs to the key supporting area. According to the research results, the supporting scheme of shallow coal seam roadway under gully and valley geomorphology has been established, in the industrial test, Through on-site monitoring of surrounding rock deformation and anchor (cable) stress condition of roadway, compared with similar roadway support effect before, the present roadway support effect is obviously improved, and surrounding rock deformation and damage is effectively controlled. The research results provide a scientific basis for effective support on the spot and have a certain reference value for the stability control of surrounding rock in coal seam mining roadway under similar conditions.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD353

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